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HU Credits:
4
Degree/Cycle:
1st degree (Bachelor)
Responsible Department:
Applied Physics
Semester:
2nd Semester
Teaching Languages:
Hebrew
Campus:
E. Safra
Course/Module Coordinator:
Dr Adi Pick
Coordinator Office Hours:
Sunday 14:00-15:00
Teaching Staff:
Dr. Adi Pick
Course/Module description:
Nowadays, most people rely heavily on devices that transmit and receive electromagnetic radiation via antennas, including cellular phones, radio, internet routers, and GPS. This course will introduce the mathematical and physical framework that explains the working principle of microwave antennas. The course is divided into four sections. The first section deals with mathematical and physical analysis of transmission and reception. Starting from Maxwell’s equations, we will learn how electric currents generate radiation fields. The second part of the course surveys fundamental parameters and figures-of-merit of antennas. The third part introduces the most important antenna types, including the dipole, loop, patch, and microstrip antennas, and antenna arrays. In the final part of the course, we will talk about numerical simulations, design and measurements of antennas.
Course/Module aims:
The students of this course will acquire a theoretical understanding and analytic and numerical tools for analyzing problems pertaining to wireless communication. The course goal is to teach students how to relate the abstract electromagnetic wave equations and practical questions that arise when designing and characterizing antennas.
Learning outcomes - On successful completion of this module, students should be able to:
After taking this class, the students will be able to:
1. Explain the working principle of antennas in their environment.
2. Present quantitative models that describe radiation patterns of known and new antennas.
3. Use computer software to solve mathematical models.
4. Define parameters to evaluate antenna performance.
5. Design antennas with desired properties.
Attendance requirements(%):
0
Teaching arrangement and method of instruction:
Frontal lecture and exercise. 10 assignments will be submitted and graded.
Course/Module Content:
Part 1: Formal description of electromagnetic radiation (5 lectures)
1.1 The radiation field produced by current source
Starting from the Maxwell equations, we obtain the electromagnetic wave equations in the presence of currents and charges. We introduce electromagnetic potentials to fascilitate the solution. We introduce harmonic fields, dielectric constants, boundary conditions and results from vector calculus.
1.2 Electromagnetic waves
We introduce terms that describe electromagnetic wave properties, including Poynting vector, power, plane waves, near field and far field. We will discuss wave propagation in lossy media and introduce the Drude model of dielectrics, conductors, skin effect, reflection and transmission.
Part 2: Fundamental parameters and figures-of-merit of antennas (4 lectures)
2.1 Fundamental parameters: We will learn about radiation patterns, power density, directivity, gain, beam width, effective area, input impedance, and antenna polarization.
2.2 Waveguides: Longitudinal and transverse waves, guided modes, transverse electric (TE), transverse magnetic (TM), and transverse electric and magnetic (TEM). Rectangular and cylindrical waveguides.
2.3 Transmission lines: Parallel-plate lines, coaxial lines, distributed circuit model of a transmission line, open- and short-circuited transmission lines, power transfer from generator to load.
Part 3 – Types of antenna (8 lectures)
3.1. Line and loop antennas: Hertzian dipole antenna, standing-wave antenna, half-wave dipole antenna, monopole, loop, and helical antenna.
3.2. Area antennas: patch antenna, horn antenna, and microstrip antenna. Fresnel diffraction, equivalence principle, Babinet principle
Part 4: Information, design, and optimization of antennas (8 lectures)
Antenna noise temperature, Shannon capacity theorem, Friis formula, self-impedance of linear antennas, Smith charts, antenna measurements, numerical simulations, resonances, design and optimization of antennas.
Required Reading:
1. Sophocles J. Orfanidis, “Electromagnetic Waves and Antennas”, ECE Department Rutgers University, 94 Brett Road Piscataway, NJ 08854-8058.
2. Constantine A. Balanis, “Antenna Theory Analysis and Design,” Fourth edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey (2016)
Additional Reading Material:
1. David R. Jackson, “Plane Wave Propagation and Reflection”, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX77204-479. http://www0.egr.uh.edu/courses/ece/ece6340/SectionJackson/Handouts/plane%20waves%20chapter.pdf
2. J.D. Kraus, “Antennas, McGraw-Hill”, 1988.
3. R. E. Collin, “Field Theory of Guided Waves”, 2nd Ed., IEEE Press, 1991.
Course/Module evaluation:
End of year written/oral examination 90 %
Presentation 0 %
Participation in Tutorials 0 %
Project work 0 %
Assignments 10 %
Reports 0 %
Research project 0 %
Quizzes 0 %
Other 0 %
Additional information:
Prerequisites: Introductory math class (including differential and integral calculus) and electromagnetism class.
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