HU Credits: 2

Degree/Cycle: 1st degree (Bachelor)

Responsible Department: Law

Semester: 1st Semester

Teaching Languages: English

Campus: Mt. Scopus

Course/Module Coordinator: Dr. Rachelle Adam

Coordinator Email: rachelle.adam@mail.huji.ac.il

Coordinator Office Hours: by appointment

Teaching Staff:
Dr. Rachelle Adam

Course/Module description:
The course addresses the global environmental crisis, triggered by human activities overloading Earth’s carrying capacity. Rapid population growth together with an even faster growing economy and rising consumption, are running up against the boundaries of planetary systems, thrusting us from the relatively calm Holocene into the turbulent Anthropocene. The course will focus on these roots of the crisis that are driving ecological destruction despite a multiple number of both international and national laws.

The following themes will accompany us throughout the course: can current laws respond effectively to the impact of extreme economic growth and consumption on the
environment, or do they subordinate environmental protection to economic and corporate interests? How do we go about replacing current governance models fixed on the assumption that humans are separate and superior to nature, with governance systems that view humans as part of nature, and aim to protect nature’s interests to thrive and
sustain itself? And finally, how will law protect future generations in a world of 10-12 billion people under worsening ecological and climatic conditions?

In the debate on effective governance models for this crisis, we will explore “Earth Law” that posits that the crisis will continue until society foregoes the principle underlying the current legal system, that humans are superior to nature rather than part of it. We will discuss the links between violations of human rights and destruction of nature, exploring the doctrine of rights of nature and the belief that to protect human rights, we must also recognize nature’s rights. We will view the environmental crisis from the perspective of the relationship of humans to other species, focusing on humans’ treatment of animals as property which has led to cruelty and abuse.

Course/Module aims:
In the context of law as a tool used by society to regulate human behavior, the course aims to provoke debate on current environmental laws. An analysis of these laws demonstrates that
they were structured to implement industrial society’s perspective of nature as human
property to exploit for profit, a belief that underlies the environmental crisis. Thus the course challenges existing assumptions as to their effectiveness in reversing intensifying
environmental devastation, while considering alternatives and identifying governance
systems that have done better in reaching sustainability and promoting harmony with nature.

Learning outcomes - On successful completion of this module, students should be able to:
The overriding objective is to enable you to deconstruct environmental laws and policy to understand why they are not reversing environmental degradation, taking into account that they are structured to view nature as property to be used for human use. This will require identification of the roots of the environmental crisis and differentiating between its direct and indirect causes. A further objective is to challenge you to consider alternatives to current governance models, that will respect planetary boundaries rather than crossing these boundaries by exploiting and consuming ecosystems. Another key objective of the course is to demonstrate the impact of our behavior and consumer habits on the environment, e.g., how the clothes we buy, the food we eat, our modes of transportation and communication, all contribute to the crisis, and the role of law in reversing these trends.

The course will familiarize students with key environmental terms, concepts, doctrines, and analytical tools. Students will be exposed to the geological time periods, the Holocene, in which we lived until very recently, and the new and troubling Anthropocene. They will become familiar with the tragedy of the commons, the public trust doctrine, and legal standing for natural objects, as analytical frameworks for defining and assessing the environmental crisis, as well as the concepts of planetary boundaries and ecological footprints. They will view environmental problems through anthropocentrism, biocentrism, or, ecocentrism, as well as the environmental ethics approach - the relationship of man to other species and future generations - as a road map to gaining different perspectives on the crisis.

Attendance requirements(%):
Your mark will consist of evaluation of your participation in class, and from three “response essays” of two pages each, that will be assigned during the course. You will be asked to summarize and evaluate the key ideas and concepts of the essay text, and to write your own response by means of interpretation and analysis of the material, based on well-structured arguments.
Cumulative marks of three response essays: 80%
Class participation: 20%

Teaching arrangement and method of instruction: Class attendance and active participation in class discussions are key to the success of the course. This is particularly true if the upcoming semester will continue to be taught through zoom, ruling out class fieldtrips which comprise an integral element of the course by allowing students to actually experience the issues discussed in class. Thus if we continue to hold classes through zoom, in lieu of fieldtrips, you will be required to spend about 30-45 minutes in a natural surroundings, e.g., a beach, a forest, a city park, where you will be requested to note your responses to questions that I will post regarding the human relationship to nature in the context of law.

Students are expected to attend at least 80% of the classes, to prepare for each class by reading the assigned material, and to be ready for class discussions. Because of the rapid changes that the global environment is currently undergoing, I will add relevant material to the syllabus during the course. Thus please view the syllabus as an evolving, rather than a final document.

Course/Module Content:
Introduction: the global environmental crisis

Population, consumption and economic growth

International environmental law

Land, biodiversity, and protection of nature
Rights of Nature

Animal law

SOLVING THE WATER CRISIS IN ISRAEL: RECLAIMED WASTEWATER AND DESALINATION

Fracking

Coastal and marine protection

Air pollution

Managing hazardous substances
Managing waste

Ecocide
Rethinking environmental law

Required Reading:
I will post the required class reading prior to each class, from the list below.

Additional Reading Material:
GENERAL READING
EARTH LAW, EMERGING ECOCENTRIC LAW, A GUIDE FOR PRACTITIONERS (EDS. ZELLE, WILSON, ADAM, GREENE) (2020)
ALON TAL, POLLUTION IN A PROMISED LAND, AN ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY OF ISRAEL (2002)
אלון טל, הסביבה בישראל, הקיבוץ המאוחד (2006)
דניאל פיש, דיני איכות הסביבה (2002)
YUVAL NOAH HARARI, SAPIENS: A BRIEF HISTORY OF HUMANKIND (2010)
JARED DIAMOND, GUNS, GERMS AND STEEL
INTRODUCTION: THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS
THE WORLD WATCH INSTITUTE VITAL SIGNS, VOLUME 22; THE TRENDS THAT ARE SHAPING OUR FUTURE, Island Press (2015)
THE WORLD WATCH INSTITUTE, VITAL SIGNS, Vol. 20, Island Press (2013), Overview, xi-xv
THE WORLD WATCH INSTITUTE, STATE OF THE WORLD, Is Sustainability still Possible?, Island Press (2013), 19-38
החלטת ממשלה "תכנית אסטרטגית לפיתוח בר קיימא" (החלטת מס' 246 מיום 14 למאי 2003)
JAMES GUSTAVE SPETH, THE BRIDGE AT THE EDGE OF THE WORLD, CAPITALISM, THE ENVIRONMENT, AND CROSSING FROM CRISIS TO SUSTAINABILITY (YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS 2008) 1-13

Jared Diamond, Easter Island’s End, Discover Magazine, August 1995, http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/24/042.html

Christopher Stone, Should Trees Have Standing? Towards Legal Rights for Natural Objects, SOUTHERN CAL. LAW REV. (1972). http://www.derechosdelanaturaleza.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/C.Stone-Should-Trees-Having-Standings.pdf
Garret Hardin, The Tragedy of the Commons, 162 SCIENCE 1243 (1968). (http://dieoff.org). http://www.garretthardinsociety.org/articles/art_tragedy_of_the_commons.html

JAMES GUSTAVE SPETH, RED SKY AT MORNING, AMERICA AND THE CRISIS OF THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT (Yale University Press 2004) 1-22

ZYGMUNT PLATER, THE SNAIL DARTER AND THE DAM (Yale University Press, 2013), 44; 333-335; 167-173; 356 n.2

.HUNTER, SALZMAN, ZAELKE, INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW AND POLICY (2011)
MARY CHRISTINA WOOD, NATURE’S TRUST, ENVIRONMENTAL LAW FOR A NEW ECOLOGICAL AGE (Cambridge University Press, 2014), 3-18.
"הקולוניאליזם: גרסת המאה ה-21", ארץ אחרת, אפריל-מאי 2010, עמ' 59
דוח מצב הסביבה בישראל, נתנים, מדדים, מגמות, המשרד להגנת הסביבה (2017), http://www.sviva.gov.il/InfoServices/ReservoirInfo/ResearchAndPublications/Pages/Publications/P0801-P0900/P0860.aspx
POPULATION, CONSUMPTION, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH
ALON TAL, THE LAND IS FULL: ADDRESSING OVERPOPULATION IN ISRAEL Yale University
(2016), chapters 1 and 2.
Alon Tal, Will demography defeat river rehabilitation efforts? The case of the River Jordan, WATER RESEARCH, Available online 30 December 2016, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28135596

אין אוויר: למה לעזאזל כל כך צפוף בישראל?
http://www.themarker.com/misc/article-print-page/1.2942142
מה הבעיה עם בגדים שנמכרים בזול?
מיכל ארבל- לוי: "המספרים מדהימים. אחד מתוך שישה אנשים בעולם עובד בחוליה כלשהי של תעשיית האופנה, זה שוק ששווה אולי 2 טריליון דולר"
George Monbiot, Everything Must Go, Economic growth will destroy everything. There’s no way of greening it – we need a new system. the Guardian 22nd November 2017
George Monbiot, Urge, Splurge, Purge, The demand for perpetual economic growth, and the collective madness it provokes, leads inexorably to environmental collapse, the Guardian 13th September 2017, https://www.monbiot.com/2017/09/15/urge-splurge-purge/
“Moving toward green growth”, Israel Bulletin, May 2012 http://www.sviva.gov.il/English/ResourcesandServices/Publications/Bulletin/Documents/Bulletin-Vol38-May2012.pdf., 4-5
“Lets Think Green Campaign: focusing on a green lifestyle”, Israel Bulletin, Sept. 2011
http://www.sviva.gov.il/English/ResourcesandServices/Publications/Bulletin/Documents/Bulletin-Vol37-Sept2011.pdf, 8-10
TIM JACKSON, PROSPERITY WITHOUT GROWTH, ECONOMICS FOR A FINITE PLANET, (2009) http://www.ipu.org/splz-e/unga13/prosperity.pdf., 3-10,15-16,17
ROB DIETZ AND DAN O’NEILL, ENOUGH IS ENOUGH, BUILDING A SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY IN A WORLD OF FINITE RESOURCES, (2013), 17-29
Bhutan and the Gross National Happiness Index http://www.gnhbhutan.org/about/gross_national_happyness_centre.aspx
James Salzman, Sustainable Consumption and the Law, 27 ENVTL. L. 1243 (1997)1244, 1244-1248; 1256-1268
INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW
HUNTER, SALZMAN, ZAELKE, INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW AND POLICY (2011), 544-547; 550-563 (Montreal Protocol on Substances that Delete the Ozone Layer); 685-694 (the Kyoto Protocol); 999-1013, (the Convention on Biological Diversity)
Robert Percival, Global Law and the Environment, 86 WASH. L. REV. 579 (2011), 586-592
RACHELLE ADAM, ELEPHANT TREATIES, THE COLONIAL LEGACY OF THE BIODIVERSITY CRISIS (University Press of New England 2014), 1-12
תקנות החומרים המסוכנים (יישום פרוטוקול מונטריאול בענין חומרים הפוגעים בשכבת האוזון), התשס"ד-2004
Michael Glennon, Has International Law Failed the Elephant? AJIL Vol.84 (1), http://www.jstor.org/stable/2203015, 1-4. 10-13, 28-37.

Rachelle Adam & Joan Schaffner, International Law and Wildlife Well-Being: Moving from Theory to Action, JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL WILDLIFE LAW & POLICY Vol. 20, Iss. 1, 2017
PROTECTING BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEMS
World Wildlife Fund, Living Planet Report, 2018
https://wwf.panda.org/knowledge_hub/all_publications/living_planet_report_2018/

Planetary Boundaries: Exploring the Safe Operating Space for Humanity, Johan Rockström et al (2009)
The Anthropocene: From Global Change to Planetary Stewardship. Will Steffen et al. AMBIO Published online: 12 October 2011 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3357752/
Ecological footprints, Global footprint network, https://www.footprintnetwork.org/our-work/ecological-footprint/
“State Health Department Releases Draft Revisions to NYC’s Waiver from filtering Drinking Water from the Catskill/Delaware Water System”, http://www.health.ny.gov/press/releases/2013/2013-08-23_fads.htm,
Israel’s National Biodiversity Plan (2014),
http://www.sviva.gov.il/English/env_topics/biodiversity/Documents/NationalBiodiversityPlan2010.pdf
עוצרים את התדרדרות המגוון הביולוגי והסביבה בישראל, החברה להגנת הטבע (2014)
https://www.teva.org.il/GetFile.asp?CategoryID&eq;881&ArticleID&eq;8314&ID&eq;7299
דוח מצב הטבע: בתי הגידול הלחים בישראל, המארג -2014
PROTECTING WILDLIFE
Rachelle Adam. Safe Passage through a Wave of Extinction: Saving Israel’s Endangered Mountain Gazelle JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL WILDLIFE LAW & POLICY, Vol.19,No.2, 1-23.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13880292.2016.1167472
לשבי נולד? תמר רון, מסע אחר, עמ' 47
“Battle for the Elephants”, http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x1gmgmf_pbs-national-geographic-2013-battle-for-the-elephants-540p-x264-aac-mvgroup-org_shortfilms
.Alex Shoumatoff, "Agony and Ivory", Vanity Fair, August 2011, http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2011/08/elephants-201108, 132
Rachelle Adam, “Delegitimizing Ivory: The Case for an Ivory Trade Ban Treaty”, December 3, 2014, www.asil.org/blogs/delegitimizing-ivory-case-ivory-trade-ban-treaty.
Rachelle Adam & Tamar Ron, 84 reasons why Israel needs a low banning the ivory trade, HA’ARETZ, Sept 4, 2017 (Hebrew)
“Seal product ban upheld on 'ethical' grounds, 'Public moral concerns' cited in split decision by World Trade Organization,” http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/seal-product-ban-upheld-on-ethical-grounds-1.2438904.
Australia v. Japan: ICJ Halts Antarctic Whaling ASIL Online Insights, http://www.asil.org/insights/volume/18/issue/9/australia-v-japan-icj-halts-antarctic-whaling April 08, 2014
Whaling in the Antarctic (Australia v. Japan, New Zealand intervening), http://www.icj.-cju.org/dockets/files/148/18136.pdf. 31 March 2014.
Lucy Campbell, Extinct mammoths could be given protected status in bid to save elephants, Proposal is intended to protect African elephants from being poached for their tusks, THE GUARDIAN, 10 January 2019 https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/jan/10/trade-in-ivory-from-extinct-mammoths-could-be-banned?utm_term&eq;RWRpdG9yaWFsX0dyZWVuTGlnaHQtMTkwMTEx&utm_source&eq;esp&utm_medium&eq;Email&utm_campaign&eq;GreenLight&CMP&eq;greenlight_email
“Orangutans Face Possible Extinction” http://www.orangutan.com/threats-to-orangutans/

FARMING, THE ENVIRONMENT, AND GLOBAL LAND CHALLENGES
George Monbiot, Eating the Earth, THE GUARDIAN 17 Jan 2018,
Laura Kehoe, How changing your diet could save animals from extinction, July 17, 2017,
http://theconversation.com/how-changing-your-diet-could-save-animals-from-extinction-81061

George Monbiot, Insectageddon: farming is more catastrophic than climate breakdown, THE GUARDIAN, Oct 20 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/oct/20/insectageddon-farming-catastrophe-climate-breakdown-insect-populations
Damian Carrington, Plummeting insect numbers 'threaten collapse of nature, THE GUARDIAN, 10 Feb 2019, https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/feb/10/plummeting-insect-numbers-threaten-collapse-of-nature
John Vidal, Salmon farming in crisis: 'We are seeing a chemical arms race in the seas'
Rare only 40 years ago, farmed salmon is now taken for granted in our kitchens. But the growth of the industry has come at great cost, THE GUARDIAN, 1 April 2017 https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/apr/01/is-farming-salmon-bad-for-the-environment
UN Food & Agriculture Organization, Livestock’s Long Shadow–Environmental Issues and Options, http://www.fao.org/3/a0701e/a0701e00.htm (2006)
Abraham Lustgarten, Palm oil was supposed to save the world. Instead it unleashed a catastrophe, Nov. 20, 2018, PROPUBLICA AND THE NEW YORK TIMES MAGAZINE, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/20/magazine/palm-oil-borneo-climate-catastrophe.html
CLIMATE CHANGE
The Reluctant Activist, https://www.collectiveeye.org/products/the-reluctant-radical (documentary on climate change activist Ken Ward, as a defendant in Washington v. Ward)
Jem Bendell Deep Adaptation: A Map for Navigating Climate Tragedy
Revised 2nd Edition Released July 27th 2020 http://lifeworth.com/deepadaptation.pdf

David Wallace-Wells, The Uninhabitable Earth, Famine, economic collapse, a sun that cooks us: What climate change could wreak — sooner than you think. NEW YORK TIMES MAGAZINE,
http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2017/07/climate-change-earth-too-hot-for-humans.html
NAOMI KLEIN, THIS CHANGES EVERYTHING, CAPITALISM VS THE CLIMATE, Simon & Schuster (2014)
JAMES GUSTAVE SPETH, THE BRIDGE AT THE EDGE OF THE WORLD, CAPITALISM, THE ENVIRONMENT, AND CROSSING FROM CRISIS TO SUSTAINABILITY (YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS 2008)

JAMES GUSTAVE SPETH, RED SKY AT MORNING, AMERICA AND THE CRISIS OF THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT (Yale University Press 2004)
Alon Tal, Will We Always Have Paris? Israel’s Tepid Climate Change Strategy, ISRAEL JOURNAL OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/23739770.2016.1265821
Live Stock and Climate Change: What if the key actors in climate change are … cows, pigs, and chickens ? WORLD WATCH, November/December 2009, http://www.worldwatch.org/files/pdf/Livestock%20and%20Climate%20Change.pdf

Dahr Jamail, When the ice melts: the catastrophe of vanishing glaciers, THE GUARDIAN, January 8, 2019, https://www.theguardian.com/news/2019/jan/08/when-the-ice-melts-the-catastrophe-of-vanishing-glaciers?utm_term&eq;RWRpdG9yaWFsX0dyZWVuTGlnaHQtMTkwMTEx&utm_source&eq;esp&utm_medium&eq;Email&utm_campaign&eq;GreenLight&CMP&eq;greenlight_email
Jan G. Laitos, How Science Has Influenced, But Should Now Determine, Environmental Policy, 43 WILLIAM & MARY ENVTL. L. AND POLICY REV. 759-805 (2019), https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmelpr/vol43/iss3/3

RIGHTS FOR NATURE
EARTH LAW, EMERGING ECOCENTRIC LAWE, A GUIDE FOR PRACTIONERS (EDS. ZELLE, WILSON, ADAM, GREENE) (2020)
ROBIN WALL KIMMERER, BRAIDING SWEETGRASS : INDIGENOUS WISDOM, SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE
AND THE TEACHINGS OF PLANTS (2020)
RODERICK NASH, THE RIGHTS OF NATURE: HISTORY OF ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS (1990)
“What is "Rights of Nature"”? http://earthlawcenter.org/about/rights-of-nature/
CORMAC CULLINAN, WILD LAW A MANIFESTO FOR EARTH JUSTICE, Chelsea Green Publishing (2011), 7-11, 29, 31, 54-55
Koons, Judith, At the Tipping Point: Defining an Earth Jurisprudence for Social and
Ecological Justice, 58 LOYOLA. L. REV. 349 (2012), Sec. III.B., pp. 371-79
Christopher Stone, Should Trees Have Standing? Towards Legal Rights for Natural Objects, SOUTHERN CAL. LAW REV. (1972). http://www.derechosdelanaturaleza.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/C.Stone-Should-Trees-Having-Standings.pdf
ZYGMUNT PLATER, THE SNAIL DARTER AND THE DAM (Yale University Press, 2013), 1-5; 43
רחל אדם, "זכות הנחל למים", מים והשקייה,מאי 2002, 22
סע’ 6(6) לחוק המים, התשי"ט-1959
Rights for Nature in Ecuador’s Constitution, http://trheightsofnature.org/wp-content/uploads/pdfs/Rights-for Nature-Articles-in-Ecuadors-Constitution.pdf.
Letter to the President of Ecuador from the Global Alliance for Nature, http://us11.campaign-archive1.com/?u&eq;1d04c3e07dae558b125805054&id&eq;d6941729d2
A new law of nature: “Ecuador next week votes on giving legal rights to rivers, THE GUARDIAN, Wednesday 24 September 2008, http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2008/sep/24/equador.conservation,
Bolivia enshrines natural world's rights with equal status for Mother Earth, http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/apr/10/bolivia-enshrines-natural-worlds-rights.
New Zealand Government Legally Recognizes Animals as Sentient Beings http://www.planetexperts.com/new-zealand-government-legally-recognizes-animals-as-sentient-beings/
צפריר רינת, 01/12/2016 מכונת הרג או חיית מחמד אהובה - מומחים קוראים להרג חתולים ‘ http://www.haaretz.co.il/news/science/.premium-1.3132132
"בין המקומי לעולמי - חשבונאות סביבתית של מערכת אספקת הבשר הישראלית", שירה דיקלר* ומידד קיסינגר, אקולוגיה וסביבה, (2015), 294-315

The Non-Humans Rights project, http://www.nonhumanrightsproject.org/?gclid&eq;CIu5hqvElrsCFSho7AodN10ANg.
San Francisco grants whales and dolphins the right to live freely, http://www.care2.com/causes/san-francisco-grants-whales-and-dolphins-the-right-to-live-freely.html
Cormac Cullinan, Changing the Terrain: the Significance of Rights for Nature for Environmental and Social Activism (2011)
Rachelle Adam, The Saga of Jerusalem’s Ein Lavan Spring: How the Human Right to Development Trumps Rights of Nature, Vermont School of Law, Volume 20 290-303 http://vjel.vermontlaw.edu/publications/saga-jerusalems-ein-lavan-spring-human-right-development-trumps-rights-nature/.
Linda Sheehan, Implementing Nature’s Rights Through Regulatory Standards, 20(3) VT J. OF ENTVTL. L. 227-242 (2019), http://files.harmonywithnatureun.org/uploads/upload926.pdf
Grant Wilson, Envisioning Nature’s Right to a Stable Climate, 10(1) SEA GRANT L. & POLICY J. 60-102 (2020), https://bit.ly/3bq5gJO

Cristy Clark et al., Can You Hear the Rivers Sing? Legal Personhood, Ontology, and the Nitty Gritty of Governance, 45:787 ECOLOGICAL L. QUARTERLY 787 (2019), https://law.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/3094881/Clark-et-al,-Can-You-Hear-the-Rivers-Sing.pdf
Craig M. Kauffman. 2020. “Managing People for the Benefit of the Land: Practicing Earth Jurisprudence in Te Urewera, New Zealand.” ISLE: Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 578-595.

HUMAN RIGHTS AND NATURE’S RIGHTS: CO-VIOLATIONS
Linda Sheehan and Grant Wilson, Earth Law Center, FIGHTING FOR OUR SHARED FUTURE, PROTECTING BOTH HUMAN RIGHTS AND NATURE’S RIGHTS (2015) http://bit.ly/1Ng3VyQ.
2016 UPDATE: FIGHTING FOR OUR SHARED FUTURE, PROTECTING BOTH HUMAN RIGHTS AND NATURE’S RIGHTS https://www.earthlawcenter.org/co-violations-of-rights

Leyland Cecco, Canada: indigenous anti-pipeline protesters call police presence ‘act of war, Police officers deployed near checkpoint where protesters have gathered to block the construction of a natural gas pipeline, The Guardian, Mon 7 Jan 2019, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/07/canada-indigenous-anti-pipeline-protesters?utm_term&eq;RWRpdG9yaWFsX0dyZWVuTGlnaHQtMTkwMTEx&utm_source&eq;esp&utm_medium&eq;Email&utm_campaign&eq;GreenLight&CMP&eq;greenlight_email
George Monbiot, Slavemasters, THE GUARDIAN, 21st November 2018, https://www.monbiot.com/2018/11/23/slavemasters

PROTECTION THE COASTAL AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Barcelona Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and the Coastal Region of the Mediterranaean
The State of the Mediterranean Marine and Coastal Environment, 2012, highlights for poliicy makers, http://195.97.36.231/publications/UNEPMAP_SoEhighlights_2012_ENG.pdf,
Prevention of Sea Pollution from Land-Based Sources Law, 5748-1988
Prevention of Sea Pollution (Dumping of Waste) Regulations 5744- 1984
Prevention of Sea Water Pollution by Oil Ordinance [New Version], 5740-1980
Protection of the Coastal Environment Law 5764-2004

SOLVING THE WATER CRISIS IN ISRAEL: RECLAIMED WASTEWATER AND DESALINATION
Abigail Klein Leichman How Israel swims against tide of worldwide water crisis, A visit to the country’s largest desalination and wastewater-treatment plants reveals smart technologies and policies to keep the water running. ISRAEL 21C, January 6, 2019, https://www.israel21c.org/how-israel-swims-against-tide-of-worldwide-water-crisis/
Rowan Jacobsen, Israel Proves the Desalination Era Is Here - Scientific American, July 29, 2016,https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/israel-proves-the-desalination-era-is-here/

Melanie Lidman, Desalination isn't the magic bullet, TIMES OF ISRAEL June 5, 2018, https://www.timesofisrael.com/desalination-isnt-the-magic-bullet-water-authority-warn...
Zafrir Rinat, Desalination Problems Begin to Rise to the Surface in Israel, HA’ARETZ, Feb. 6, 2017, HTTPS://WWW.HAARETZ.COM/ISRAEL-NEWS/.PREMIUM-DESALINATION-PROBLEMS-BEGIN-TO-RISE-TO-THE-SURFACE-IN-ISRAEL-1.5494726

FRACKING
Gaslands, (Josh Fox 2010) http://watchdocumentaries.com/gasland/
Court Tosses Controversial Pipeline Permits, Rules Forest Service Failed to 'Speak for the Trees'
By John Murawski, The News & Observer, 14 December 18, https://readersupportednews.org/news-section2/318-66/53903-court-tosses-controversial-pipeline-permits-rules-forest-service-failed-to-speak-for-the-trees

הפקת נפט מפצלי שמן בשפלת יהודה, מעבק 2012, הכנסת, מרכז המחקר והמידע
החלטת הועדה המחוזית לתכנון ולבניה מחוז הצפון, מיום , 10.7.2014, קידוחי ניסיון לחיפוש נפט ברמת הגולן
בג"ץ 5560/14, 5857/14, חוות יקבי קנאטיר בע"מ, אדם טבע ודין, נ. הוועדה לפי תקנות הנפט, הוועדה המחוזית מחוז הץפון, ואחר
"הוועדה שפסלה את פרויקט פצלי השמן: יש עדיפות לשימור הסביבה על פני הפקת נפט", http://www.haaretz.co.il/news/science/.premium-1.2433173
MANAGING CHEMICALS
JOHN WARGO, GREEN INTELLIGENCE (Yale University Press, 2009), Prologue; 155-204; 264-282
חוק החמרים המסוכנים, התשנ"ג - 1993.
תקנות רישוי עסקים (סילוק פסולת חומרים מסוכנים), התשנ"א- 1990
תקנות החומרים המסוכנים (יבוא ויצוא פסולת חומרים מסוכנים), התשנ"ד – 1994
ת.פ. 174040-05-09 מ"י נ' קרגל אריזות גמישות (17.12.12) http://www.sviva.gov.il/InfoServices/ReservoirInfo/Judgments/Pages/default.aspx.
ת.פ. 1086/08 מ"י נ' פטרוכים (אשדוד) בע"מ ואח' (4.9.2012) http://www.sviva.gov.il/InfoServices/ReservoirInfo/DocLib1/1501-1600/1517.pdf.
MANAGING WASTE
George Monbiot, Waste Colonialism, THE GUARDIAN, 30th January 2019, https://www.monbiot.com/2019/02/01/waste-colonialism/

Microplastics
Arthur Neslen, EU proposes ban on 90% of microplastic pollutants, THE GUARDIAN, 30th January 2019, https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/jan/30/eu-european-union-proposes-microplastics-ban-plastic-pollution.

רע"פ 7861/03 מ"י נ' המועצה האזורית גליל התחתון (8.5.2006)
בג"צ 453/98 עיריית באר שבע ואח' נ. ממשלת ישראל ואח' (נבו, 19.3.1998)
Israel Environment Bulletin, “Implementing the Recycling Revolution”, p.16.
http://www.sviva.gov.il/English/ResourcesandServices/Publications/Bulletin/Documents/Bulletin-Vol39-July2013.pdf.

Electronic waste
http://www.sviva.gov.il/subjectsEnv/Waste/Types/Pages/ElectronicWaste.aspx#GovXParagraphTitle2
יששכר רוזן-צבי, "של מי הפסולת הזו לעזאזל?! סילוק פסולת וצדק סביבתי בישראל",מחקרי משפט כג, תשס"ז-2007

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