HU Credits: 2

Degree/Cycle: 1st degree (Bachelor)

Responsible Department: International Relations

Semester: 2nd Semester

Teaching Languages: Hebrew

Campus: Mt. Scopus

Course/Module Coordinator: Prof. Arie M. Kacowicz

Coordinator Email: arie.kacowicz@mail.huji.ac.il

Coordinator Office Hours: Mondays 1400-1600

Teaching Staff:
Prof. Arie Kacowicz

Course/Module description:
The course aims to provide the students with basic knowledge and analytical tools in order to assess the phenomenon of peace in international relations, which has been understudied in comparison with studies of war. This, in spite of the fact that peace represents the "normal" and frequent situation among most of the countries in the world (and within them). The course encompasses a survey of the phenomenon of peace in international relations, from both a theoretical and historical/empirical perspectives.

Course/Module aims:
Within the framework of the course we will study the different definitions and gradations of peace; the phenomenon of peace as part of peace studies, conflict management and resolution; the different philosophical approaches to peace, and the complex relationship between peace and justice. Furthermore, we will define processes of "peaceful change," "regional peace", "democratic peace," "economic peace," stable peace", "pluralistic security communities" and "positive peace".

In the last part of the course we will focus upon the empirical dimensions of peace, discussing the situation in Europe and among the great powers (the so-called "long peace"), the long peace of South America and the East Asian peace since 1979, as well as peace processes in the Arab-Israeli conflict. In the last session we will discuss future research avenues in peace studies.

Learning outcomes - On successful completion of this module, students should be able to:
On the successful completion of the course there is an expectation that students might be able to better understand the complexity of peace, its different gradations, and different situations and conditions of peace in different regions of the world.

Attendance requirements(%):
80%

Teaching arrangement and method of instruction: The course will be managed as a lecture, including discussion and active participation of students, based on the readings.

Course/Module Content:
1) Definitions and gradations of peace;
2) Peace studies, conflict management and resolution;
3) Philosophical approaches to peace;
4) The links between justice and peace;
5) Peaceful change;
6) Zones of peace and regional peace;
7) "Democratic peace" and "economic peace";
8) Stable peace and pluralistic security communities;
9) Peace movements and the transition to positive peace;
10. Ending civil wars
11) The long peace of South America, and the peace of East Asia since 1979
12) Peace processes in the Arab-Israeli conflict
13) Future research avenues and summary.

Required Reading:
1) Definitions and gradations of peace:

Gary Goertz et al (2016), The Puzzle of Peace (New York: Oxford University Press), pp. 1-19; pp. 23-55.

Oliver P. Richmond (2008), Peace in International Relations (London: Routledge), pp. 1-18.

Robert Elias and Jenir Turpin (1994), "Introduction: Thinking about Peace," in Robert Elias and Jenifer Turpin (eds.), Rethinking Peace (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner), pp. 1-12.

Alexander George (2000), "Foreword," in Arie M. Kacowicz et al, eds., Stable Peace among Nations (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefiled), pp. xi-xvi.

2) Peace Studies, Conflict Management and Resolution:

Richmond, Peace in International Relations, pp. 97-117.

Lilach Gilady and Bruce Russett (2002), "Peace-making and Conflict Resolution," in Walter Calsnaes et al., eds., Handbook of International Relations (London: Sage), pp. 392-408.

Chester A. Crocker et al. (2001), "Introduction," in Chester A. Crocker et al., eds., Turbulent Peace: The Challenges of Managing International Conflict (Washington, DC: US Institute of Peace), pp. xv-xxix.


3) Philosophical Approaches to Peace:

Richmond, Peace in International Relations, pp. 19-96.

Immanuel Kant (1977), "Perpetual Peace," in Hans Reiss, ed., Kant's Political Writings (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), pp. 93-130.

Amir Lupovici (2013), "Pacifization: Toward a Theopry of the Social Construction of Peace," International Studies Review, Vol. 15, pp. 204-228.

4) The Linkages between Peace and Justice ("Just Peace"):

Pierre Allan and Alexis Keller (2006), "Introduction: Rethinking Peace and Justice Conceptually," in Pierre Allan and Alexis Keller, eds., What is a Just Peace? (Oxford: Oxford University Press), pp. 1-11.

Pierre Allan and Alexis Keller (2006), "The Concept of a Just Peace, or Achieving Peace through Recognition, Renouncement, and Rule," in Pierre Allan and Alexis Keller, What is a Just Peace?, pp. 195-215.

Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov (2014), Justice and Peace in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict (London: Routledge), pp. 133-150.

Arie M. Kacowicz (2015), "Justice, Reciprocity, and Stable Peace: Theoretical Links and Empirical Illustrations," draft, Jerusalem, April.


5) Peaceful Change:

Arie M. Kacowicz (1994), Peaceful Territorial Change (Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press), pp. 1-61.

Edward H. Carr (1964), The Twenty Years' Crisis, 1919-1939: An Introduction to the Study of International Relations, 3rd edition (New York: Harper and Row), pp. 208-223.

Arie M. Kacowicz and Benjamin Miller (2018), "The Problem of Peaceful Change Revisited: From the End of the Cold War to the Uncertainties of a Post-Liberal Order," International Studies Review, Volume 20, June, pp. 301-308.
T.V. Paul (2018), Assessing Change in World Politics," International Studies Review, Vol. 20, June, pp. 177-185.
T.V. Paul (2020), "The Study of Peaceful Change in World Politics," in Oxford Handbook on Peaceful Change in International Relations, edited by T.V. Paul, Deborah W. Larson, Harold Trinkunas, Anders Wivwel, and Ralf Eemmers (Oxford: Oxford University Press, forthcoming).

6) Zones of Peace and Regional Peace:

Arie M. Kacowicz (1995), "Explaining Zones of Peace: Democracies as Satisfied Powers," Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 32, No. 3, August 1995, pp. 265-276.

Benjamin Miller (2000), "The International, Regional, and Domestic Sources of Regional Peace," in Kacowicz et al.,Stable Peace among Nations, pp. 55-73.

Arie M. Kacowicz (1998), Zones of Peace in the Third World: South America and West Africa in Comparative Perspective (Albany, NY: SUNY Press), pp. 1-65.

Benjamin Miller (2016), "Explaining the Warm Peace in Europe vs. the Shifts between Hot War and Cold Peace in the Middle East," in Carmela Lutmar and Benjamin Miller (eds.), Regional Peacemaking and Conflict Management: A Comparative Approach (London: Routledge), pp. 7-42.

7) The "Democratic Peace" and the "Economic Peace":

Michael W. Doyle (1983), "Kant, Liberal Legacies, and Foreign Affairs," Philosophy and Public Affairs, Vol. 12, Nos. 3-4, Summer and Fall.

Bruce Russewtt (1993), Grasping the Democratic Peace: Principles for a Post-Cold War World (Princton, NJ: Princeton University Press), pp. 24-42.

Galia Press-Barnathan (2009), The Political Economy of Transitions to Peace: A Comparative Perspective (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press), pp. 1-32.

Erik Gartzke et al. (2001), "Investing in the Peace: Economic Interdependence and International Conflict," International Organization, Vol. 55, No. 2, Spring, pp. 391-438.

Arie M. Kacowicz (1995), "Explaining Zones of Peace: Democracies as Satisfied Powers," Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 32, No. 3, August 1995, pp. 265-276.

8) Stable Peace and Pluralistic Security Communities:

Karl W. Deutsch et al. (1957), Political Community and the North Atlantic Area: International Organization in the Light of Historical Experience (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press), pp. 3-21.

Emanuel Adler and Michael Barnett (1998), " A Framework for the Study of Security Communities," in Emanuel Adler and Michael Barnett, eds., Security Communities (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), pp.29-65.

Charlie Kupchan (2012), How Enemies become Friends: The Sources of Stable Peace (Princeton: Princeton University Press), pp. 1-72.

Arie M. Kacowicz and Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov (2000), "Stable Peace: A Conceptual Framework," in Kacowicz et al., Stable Peace among Nations, pp. 11-35.

Kenneth A. Boulding (1978) (Austin, TX: University of Texas Press), pp. 3-30.

Stephen R. Rock (1989), Why Peace Breaks Out: Great Power Rapprochement in Historical Perspective (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press), pp. 1-23.

9) Peace Movements and the Transition to Positive Peace:

Johan Galtung (1984), There are Alternatives? Four Roads to Peace and Security (Nottingham, England: Spokesman), pp. 6-39.

Nigel Young (2000), "Peace Movements in History," in David P. Barash, ed., Approaches to Peace: A Reader in Peace Studies (Oxford: Oxford University Press), pp. 228-237.

Chadwick F. Alger (2000), "Creating Global Vision for Peace Movements," in Elise Boulding et al., eds., Peace, Culture, and Society (Boulder, CO: Westview Press), pp. 243-260.
Dustin N. Sharp (2020), "Positive Peace, Paradox, and Contested Liberalisms," International Studies Review, Vol. 22, No. 1, March 2020, pp. 122-139.

10) Ending Civil Wars:

Barbara Walter (1997), "The Critical Barriers to Civil War Settlement," International Organization 51 (3), 335-364.

11) "The Long Peace" of Europe since the end of WW2:

John L. Gaddis (1986), "The Long Peace: Elements of Stability in the Postwar International System," International Security, Vol. 10, No. 4, Spring, pp. 99-142.

Robert Jervis (2002), "Theories of War in an Era of Leading-Power Peace," American Political Science Review, Vol. 96, No. 1, pp. 1-14.

Charles W. Kegley (1991), "Explaining Great-Power Peace: The Sources of Prolonged Postwar Stability," in Charles W. Kegley,ed., The Long Postwar Peace: Contending Explanations and Projections (New York: Harper Collins), pp. 3-22.

12) The Long South American Peace and the East Asian Peace:

Miguel Angel Centeno (2002), Blood and Debt: War and the Nation-State in Latin America (University Park, PE: The Pennsylvania State University Press), pp. 1-32.

Kacowicz (1998), Zones of Peace in the Third World, pp. 67-124.

"The East Asian Peace" (2015), Global Asia, Vol. 10, No. 4, Winter, pp. 8-56.

13) Peace Processes in the Arab-Israeli Conflict:

Arie M. Kacowicz (1996), "The Process of Reaching Peaceful Territorial Change: The Arab-Israeli Conflict in Comparative Perspective," Journal of Interdisciplinary History, Vol. 37, No. 2, Autumn, pp. 215-245.

Oren Barak (2005), "The Failure of the Israeli-Palestinian Peace Process, 1993-200," Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 42, No. 6, pp. 719-736.

Elie Podeh (2015), Chances for Peace: Missed Opportunities in the Arab-Israeli Conflict (Austin, TX: University of Texas Press), pp. 1-17; 359-368.

14) Summary and Future Research Avenues:

Goertz et al. (2016), The Puzzle of Peace, pp. 213-225.

"The Forum: The Decline of War" (2013) (Nils Petter Gleditsch, Steven Pinker, Bradley A. Thayer, Jack S. Levy, and William R. Thompson), International Studies Review, Vol. 15, Issue 3, September, pp. 396-419.

Arie M. Kacowicz, Exequiel Lacovsky, and Daniel Wajner (2020), "Peaceful Borders and Illicit Transnational Flows in the Americas," Latin American Research Review, Vol. 55, No. 4, December.

T.V.Paul (2018), "Assessing Change in World Politics," International Studies Review, Vol, 20, June, pp. 177-185.

Barry Posen (2020), "Do Pandemics Promote Peace?," Foreign Affairs, April 23.

Stephen M. Walt (2020), "Will a Global Depression Trigger Another World War?", Foreign Policy, May 13.

Additional Reading Material:
1) Definitions and Gradations of Peace:

Matthew Melko (2001), "Peace in World History," Journal of the Comparative Study of Civilizations, No. 6, March, pp. 1-14.

Kenneth E. Boulding (1978), Stable Peace (Austin, TX: University of Texas Press), pp. 3-66.

Charles W. Kegley and Gregory A. Raymond (1999), How Nations Make Peace (New York: St. Martin's), pp. 3-41.

Barry Posen (2020), "Do Pandemics Promote Peace?," Foreign Affairs, April 23.

David Kampf (2020), "How Covid-19 Could Increase the Risk of War," World Politics Review, June 16.


2) Peace Studies, Conflict Management and Resolution:

Carolyn M. Stephenson (1989), "The Evolution of Peace Studies," in Daniel C. Thomas and Michael T. Klar, eds., Peace and World Order Studies: A Curriculum Guide, 5th edition (Boulder, CO: Westview Press), pp. 9-19.

Boulding, Stable Peace, pp. 123-143.

Roger Fisher and William Ury (2000), "Getting to Yes," in David P. Barash (ed.), Approaches to Peace: A Reader in Peace Studies (New York: Oxford University Press), pp. 70-75.

4) The Linkages between Peace and Justice ("Just Peace"):

Stanley Hoffmann (2006), "Peace and Justice: A Prologue," in Allan and Keller, What is a Just Peace?, pp. 12-18.

Adam Roberts (2006), "Just Peace: A Cause Worth Fighting for," in Allan and Keller, What is a Just Peace?, pp. 52-89.

Boulding, Stable Peace, pp. 67-91.

Kegley and Raymond, How Nations Make Peace?, pp. 225-254.

Daniel Schwartz (2012), "The Justice of Peace Treaties," The Journal of Political Philosophy, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 273-292.

International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS) (2001), The Responsibility to Protect (Ottawa, ON: International Development Research Center).

Daniel Bar-Tal (2000), "From Intractable Conflict through Conflict Resolution to Reconciliation: Psychological Analysis," Political Psychology 21 (2): 351-365.

5) Peaceful Change:

Charles Kupchan et al. (2001), Power in Transition: The Peaceful Change of International Order (Tokyo: Uited Nations University Press), "Introduction" and "Conclusions."

Goertz et al. (2016), The Puzzle of Peace, pp. 99-119; 138-150.

Mark Zacher (2001), "The Territorial Integrity Norm: International Boundaries and The Use of Force," International Organization, Vol. 55, Spring, pp. 215-250.

6) Zones of Peace and Regional Peace:

Benjamin Miller (2007), States, Nations, and the Great Powers: The Sources of Regional War and Peace (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), pp. 1-40.
Benjamin Miller (2019), "Focusing on Regions as the Way to Understand War and Peace," in Galia Press-Barnathan, Ruth Fine, and Arie M. Kacowicz (eds.), The Relevance of Regions in a Globalized World: Bridging the Social Sciences-Humanities Gap, pp. 64-78.
Arie M. Kacowicz and Galia Press-Barnathan (2020), "The Middle East and Peaceful Change," in Oxford Handbook on Peaceful Change in International Relations [forthcoming].

7) "Democratic Peace" and "Economic Peace":

Michael W. Doyle (1986), "Liberalism and World Politics," American Political Science Review, Vol. 80, December, pp. 1151-1165.

Magnus Ericson (2000), "Birds of a Feather? On the Intersection of Stable Peace and Democratic Peace Research Programs," in Kacowicz et al., Stable Peace among Nations, pp. 130-149.

Piki Ish-Shalom (2008), "The Rhetorical Capital of Theories: The Democratic Peace and the Road to the Roadmap," International Political Science Review, Vol. 29, No. 3, June, pp. 281-301.

Piki Ish-Shalom (2006), "Theorh as a Hermeneutical Mechanism: The Democratic Peace and the Politics of Democratization," European Journal of International Relations, Vol. 12, No. 4, December, pp. 565-598.

Mor Mitrani and Galia Press-Barnathan (2016), "The (De) Construction of Economic Peace: 'Economic Peace' Strategies in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: Between Theory and Reality," in Lutmar and Miller, Regional Peacemaking and Conflict Management, pp.200-218.

David Mitrany (1966), A Working Peace System (Chicago": Quadrangle Books), pp. 25-99.

Alfred Tovias (2000), "The Economic Aspects of Stable Peace-Making,m" in Kacowicz et al., Stable Peace among Nations, pp. 150-164.

Galia Press-Barnathan (2006), "Economic Coopeation and Transitions to Peace: The Neglected Dimensions of Commercial Liberalism," Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 261-278.

8) Stable Peace and Pluralistic Security Communities:

Emanuel Adler (1998), "Condition(s) of Peace," in Tim Dunne, Michael Cox, and Ken Booth, eds., The Eighty Years' Crisis: International Relations, 1919-1999 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), pp. 165-191.

9) Peace Movements and the Transition to Positive Peace:

Tamar Hermann (2009), A Tortuous Trail: The Predicament of the Israeli Peace Movement, 1993-2008 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).

Richard Falk (2000), "On Humane Governance," in Barash, Approaches to Peace, pp. 242-249.

Johan Galtung (1965), "On the Meaning of Nonviolence," Journal of Peace Research 2 (3): 228-257.
Rachel Scott (2020), "Could Coronavirus Lead to a 'Positive Peace'?, UNDP [online].

10) Ending Civil Wars:

Paul Staniland (2012), "States, Insurgents, and Wartime Political Orders," Perspectives on Politics 10 (20): 243-164.

Monica Duffy Toft (2010), "Ending Civil Wars: A Case for Rebel Victory?', International Security 34 (4): 7-36.

Kelly M. Greenhill and Major Solomon (2007), "The Perils of Profiling: Civil War Spoilers and the Collapse of Intrastate Peace Accords," International Security 31, No. 3, pp. 7-40.

Stephen John Stedman, Donal Rothchild, and Elizabeth M. Cousens (eds.) (2002), Ending Civil Wars: The Implementation of Peace Agreements (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner), "Introduction," pp. 1-40; "Policy Implications," pp. 663-671 (browse the volume)

11) The "Long Peace":

John L. Gaddis (1987), The Long Peace: Inquiries into the History of the Cold War (Oxford: Oxford University Press).

Tal Dingott-Alkopher (2016), "Why 'Warm Peace' in Europe is not So Warm: The Impact of Immigration-related Securitization Process on the European Security Community," in Lutmar and Miller, Regional Peacemaking and Conflict Management, pp. 66-84.

12) The Long South American Peace and the East Asian Peace:

Arie M. Kacowicz (2000), "Stable Peace in South America: The ABC Triangle, 1979-1999," in Kacowicz et al., Stable Peace among Nations, pp. 200-219.

Benjamin Miller (2007), States, Nations, and the Great Powers, pp. 306-336.

Kalevi J. Holsti (1996), The State, War, and the State of War (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), pp. 150-182.

13) Peace Processes in the Arab-Israeli Conflict:

Arie M. Kacowicz (2005), "
Rashomon in the Middle East: Clashing Narratives, Images and Frames in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict," Cooperation and Conflict, Vol. 40, No. 3, pp. 343-360.

Miriam Fendius Elman et al (2013), "Democracy and Peacemaking in Protracted Conflicts: The Israeli Case," in Miriam F. Elman et al. , eds., Democracy and Conflict Resolution: The Dilemma of Israel's Peacemaking (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press), pp. 1-26.

Arie M. Kacowicz, Exequiel Lacovsky, Keren Sasson, and Daniel Wajner (2020), "Unintended Consequences of Peace? Peaceful Borders and Illicit Transnational Flows" (book manuscript, excerpts).

Grading Scheme :
Essay / Project / Final Assignment / Referat 90 %
Active Participation / Team Assignment 10 %

Additional information: