HU Credits: 2

Degree/Cycle: 1st degree (Bachelor)

Responsible Department: International Relations

Semester: 2nd Semester

Teaching Languages: Hebrew

Campus: Mt. Scopus

Course/Module Coordinator: Dr. Lior Lehrs

Coordinator Email: Lior.lehrs@mail.huji.ac.il

Coordinator Office Hours:

Teaching Staff:
Dr. Lior Lehrs

Course/Module description:
The course will combine theoretical and empirical issues in the field of conflicts and peace processes, while using Cyprus and Northern Ireland as case studies.

Course/Module aims:
The course is based on two elements: 1) Introduction to basic terms and concepts in the literature on conflicts and peace, while addressing issues such as intractable conflicts, ripeness for peace, mediation and reconciliation. 2) Analysis of two case studies: the conflicts in Cyprus and in Northern Ireland, while discussing the history of each conflict, the narratives of the parties, the main disagreements and the peace efforts that have taken place over the years.

Learning outcomes - On successful completion of this module, students should be able to:
Be familiarized with methods of conflict and peace research, and understand central dilemmas in the field; To know the background and root causes to the conflicts in Cyprus and Northern Ireland; To be able to critically analyze efforts of mediation, peacemaking and peace building in general and in Cyprus and Northern Ireland in particular; Comparative analysis between conflicts.

Attendance requirements(%):

Teaching arrangement and method of instruction:

Course/Module Content:
1. Intractable conflicts and ethno-national conflicts
2. Peace processes: Ripeness, learning and legitimacy
3. Negotiation and mediation
4. Reconciliation and transitional justice
5. Barriers to peace and how to overcome the barriers
6. Resolving ethnic conflicts: Partition or power sharing
7. Divided cities in conflicts and peace processes
8. The Cyprus conflict
9. The peace process in Cyprus and the Annan plan (2004)
10. The Northern Ireland Conflict
11. Northern Ireland peace process and the Good Friday Agreement (1998)
12. The Israeli-Palestinian peace process

Required Reading:
Class 1: Intractable conflicts and ethno-national conflicts

* Rouhana, Nadim N., and Daniel Bar-Tal. "Psychological dynamics of intractable ethnonational conflicts: The Israeli–Palestinian case." American psychologist 53.7 (1998).
Coleman, Peter T. "Characteristics of protracted, intractable conflict: Toward the development of a metaframework-I." Peace and Conflict: Journal of peace psychology 9.1 (2003): 1-37.‏
Posen, Barry R. "The security dilemma and ethnic conflict." Survival 35.1 (1993): 27-47.‏

Class 2: Peace processes: Ripeness, learning and legitimacy

*Zartman, William I., “Ripeness: The Hurting Stalemate and Beyond,” in International Conflict Resolution after the Cold War, edited by Paul C. Stern and Daniel Druckman (Washington D.C.: National Academy Press, 2000), pp. 225-250.
Putnam, D. Robert, “Diplomacy and domestic politics: the logic of two-level game,” International Organization, Vol. 42, 3 (Summer 1988), pp. 427-260.
Levy, Jack S. “Learning and Foreign Policy: Sweeping a Conceptual Minefield,” International Organization, vol. 48 (1994), pp. 279-312.

Class 3: Negotiation and mediation

* Bercovitch, Jacob. "Mediation and Conflict Resolution" in The SAGE Handbook of Conflict Resolution, edited by Jacob Bercovitch, Victor Kremenyuk, and I. William Zartman (Los Angeles : SAGE, 2009), pp. 340-357.
Kleiboer, Marieke. "Understanding success and failure of international mediation." Journal of Conflict resolution 40.2 (1996): 360-389.‏
Zartman, I. William. "Conflict Resolution and Negotiation," in The SAGE Handbook of Conflict Resolution, pp. 322-339.

Class 4: Reconciliation and transitional justice

* Teitel, Ruti, "The Law and Politics of Contemporary Transitional Justice," Cornell International Law Journal, 38, 2005, pp. 837-862
Bar-Tal, Daniel and Gemma H. Bennink, “The Nature of Reconciliation: as an Outcome and as a Process," in Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, From Conflict Resolution to Reconciliation (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), pp. 11-38.
Lambourne, Wendy. "Transitional justice and peacebuilding after mass violence." International journal of transitional justice 3.1 (2009): 28-48.
Cohen, Raymond. "Apology and reconciliation in international relations." in Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, From Conflict Resolution to Reconciliation (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), Ch. 8.
Class 5: Barriers to peace and how to overcome the barriers
Robert H. Mnookin and Lee Ross, “Introduction”, in Kenneth Arrow, et.al, Barriers to Conflict Resolution (New York: Norton, 1995), pp. 2-24.
Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky, “Conflict Resolution: A Cognitive Perspective”, in Arrow, Barriers to Conflict Resolution, pp. 44-60.
Mitchell, Christopher. Gestures of Conciliation (London: Macmillan, 2000), pp. 164-190.

Class 6: Resolving ethnic conflicts: Partition or power sharing

* Schneckener, Ulrich. "Making power-sharing work: lessons from successes and failures in ethnic conflict regulation." Journal of Peace Research 39.2 (2002): 203-228.‏
Bayo Adekanye, J. "Power-sharing in multi-ethnic political systems." Security Dialogue 29:1 (1998): 25-36.
Kaufmann, Chaim. "Possible and impossible solutions to ethnic civil wars." International security 20.4 (1996): 136-175.

Class 7: Divided cities in conflicts and peace processes

* Allegra, Marco, Anna Casaglia, and Jonathan Rokem. "The political geographies of urban polarization: A critical review of research on divided cities." Geography Compass 6.9 (2012): 560-574.‏
Calame, Jon and Esther Charlesworth. Divided Cities: Belfast, Beirut, Jerusalem, Mostar, and Nicosia (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011), ch. 1.
Bollens, Scott A. "City and Soul: Sarajevo, Johannesburg, Jerusalem, Nicosia." City 5.2 (2001): 169-187.‏

Class 8: The Cyprus conflict

* Joseph, Joseph S. "Cyprus: Domestic Ethno Political Conflict and International Politics." Nationalism and Ethnic politics, 15.3-4 (2009): 376-397.‏
Hadjipavlou, Maria. "The Cyprus conflict: Root causes and implications for Peacebuilding.” Journal of Peace Research 44:3 (2007): 349-365.
Papadakis, Yiannis. "History Education in Divided Cyprus: A Comparison of Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot." PRIO Report 2/2008.

Class 9: The peace process in Cyprus and the Annan plan (2004)

* Michael, Michális S. "The Cyprus Peace Talks: A Critical Appraisal." Journal of Peace Research 44.5 (2007): 587-604.
Ker-Lindsay J (2005) EU Accession and UN Peacemaking in Cyprus. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 36-57.
Sözen, Ahmet. "5 A Model of Power-Sharing in Cyprus: From the 1959 London-Zurich Agreements to the Annan Plan." Turkish Studies 5, no. 1 (2004): 61-77.

Class 10: The Northern Ireland Conflict

* Jonathan Tonge, Northern Ireland (Cambridge, U.K.: Polity, 2006), pp. 1-38.
McKittrick, David, and David McVea. Making sense of the troubles: The story of the conflict in Northern Ireland. New Amsterdam Books, 2002.‏
Moloney, Ed. A Secret History of the IRA (New York: W.W. Norton, 2003).

Class 11: Northern Ireland peace process and the Good Friday Agreement (1998)

* Goddard, Stacie E. "Brokering peace: Networks, legitimacy, and the Northern Ireland peace process." International Studies Quarterly 56.3 (2012): 501-515.‏
Tannam, Etain. "Explaining the Good Friday agreement: A learning process." Government and Opposition (2001): 493-518.‏
Nagle, John. "Between conflict and peace: An analysis of the complex consequences of the Good Friday Agreement." Parliamentary Affairs 71.2 (2018): 395-416.‏
Amaral, Joana. "Do peace negotiations shape settlement referendums? The Annan Plan and Good Friday Agreement experiences compared." Cooperation and Conflict 53.3 (2018): 356-374.‏

Class 12: The Israeli-Palestinian peace process

* Pressman, Jeremy. "Visions in collision: What happened at Camp David and Taba?." International Security 28.2 (2003): 5-43.‏
Ross, Dennis. The missing peace: The inside story of the fight for Middle East peace. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2005.‏
Bar-Tal, Daniel. "Societal beliefs in times of intractable conflict: The Israeli case." International Journal of Conflict Management 9:1 (1998): 22-50.‏
Hassner, Ron E. "“To halve and to hold”: Conflicts over sacred space and the problem of indivisibility." Security Studies 12.4 (2003): 1-33
Bar-Siman-Tov, Yaacov (2014) Justice and Peace in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict (Routledge), ch. 5,6,7.
Lehrs, Lior. "Jerusalem on the negotiating table: Analyzing the Israeli-Palestinian peace talks on Jerusalem (1993–2015)." Israel Studies, 21.3 (2016): 179-205.‏

Additional Reading Material:

Course/Module evaluation:
End of year written/oral examination 0 %
Presentation 0 %
Participation in Tutorials 10 %
Project work 90 %
Assignments 0 %
Reports 0 %
Research project 0 %
Quizzes 0 %
Other 0 %

Additional information: