HU Credits: 2

Degree/Cycle: 1st degree (Bachelor)

Responsible Department: History

Semester: 2nd Semester

Teaching Languages: Hebrew

Campus: Mt. Scopus

Course/Module Coordinator: Aya Elyada

Coordinator Email: aya.elyada@mail.huji.ac.il

Coordinator Office Hours: Monday 12:00-13:00

Teaching Staff:
Dr. Aya Elyada

Course/Module description:
The course will focus on the history of the groups that lived on the margins of European society during the early modern period, including the poor, vagrants, criminals, and other outcasts. Attention will also be given to the attitude of established society toward these groups; to the latter’s representations in contemporary art and literature; to the attempts of the authorities to handle manifestations of poverty, crime, and social deviance; and to the question if – and to what extent – one can speak of a subculture or counterculture of crime and poverty in early modern Europe. The primary material, examples, and case studies will be taken from the history of England and Germany.

Course/Module aims:
The course seeks to introduce the students to the historical field of poverty and crime in early modern Europe, and to help them develop reading and working skills both with primary sources and with research literature in this field.

Learning outcomes - On successful completion of this module, students should be able to:
- Explain and asses the research methods and perspectives available for the historical study of crime and poverty in general, and with regard to the early modern period in particular
- Describe the theological and pragmatic motivations underlying early modern poor relief
- Assess the importance of gender as an analytical category for the historical study of poverty and crime
- Explain the unique context and characteristics of early modern Jewish criminality and the way it was perceived by the non-Jewish population
- Describe the various representations of poverty and crime in early modern high culture and popular culture, and assess their social and cultural role and significance

Attendance requirements(%):
80%

Teaching arrangement and method of instruction: A small portion of the course will be in the form of a frontal lecture. The lion's share will comprise reading analyses of primary sources and secondary literature by the students, as well as discussions in class.

Course/Module Content:
1. Introduction
2-3. Poverty and vagrancy
4-5. Crime and gender
6-7. Crime and minority groups: the Jewish case
8-9. Language and criminality
10-12. Representations of poverty and crime in literature, art, and popular culture
13. Conclusion

Required Reading:
Richard J. Evans, "Introduction: The 'Dangerous Classes' in Germany from the Middle Ages to the Twentieth Century", in idem (ed.), The German Underworld: Deviants and Outcasts in German History, London 1988, 1-28 (esp. 1-12)
יוג'ין פ' רייס (הבן) ואנתוני גרפטון, אירופה בראשית העת החדשה, 1460-1559, מהד' עברית שנייה מתוקנת, תל-אביב 2010, פרק 2 (כלכלה), 129-139 (רפורמציה)
Carter Lindberg, "'There Should Be No Beggars Among Christians': Karlstadt, Luther, and the Origins of Protestant Poor Relief", Church History 46, 313-334
Robert W. Scribner, "Mobility: Voluntary or Enforced? Vagrants in Württemberg in the Sixteenth Century", in Gerhard Jaritz and Albert Mueller (eds.), Migration in der Feudalgesellschaft, Frankfurt a.M. 1988, 65-88
A.L. Beier, "Vagrants and the Social Order in Elizabethan England", Past and Present 64 (1974) p. 3-29
P.A. Slack, "Vagrants and Vagrancy in England 1598-1664", Economic History Review 2nd Series XXVII (1974), 360–79
Linda Woodbridge, "Jest Books, the Literature of Roguery, and the Vagrant Poor in Renaissance England", English Literary Renaissance, vol.33, 2003, 201-210
P. Fumerton, 'Making Vagrancy (In)visible: The Economics of Disguise in the Early Modern Rogue Pamphlets', English Literary Renaissance, vol.33, 2003, 211–227
Paola Pugliatti, Beggary and the Theatre in Early Modern England, Aldershot 2003, Ch. 1, 7
Ulinka Rublack, The Crimes of Women in Early Modern Germany, Oxford 1999, 1-15, 255-60
Jenny Kermode and Garthine Walker (eds.), Women, Crime and the Courts in Early Modern England, London 1994, 1-25
Susanna Burghartz, "The Equation of Women and Witches: A Case Study of Witchcraft Trials in Lucerne and Lausanne in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries", in Richard J. Evans (ed.), The German Underworld: Deviants and Outcasts in German History, London 1988, 57-74
Malcolm Gaskill, "Witchcraft and Power in Early Modern England: The Case of Margaret Moore", in Jenny Kermode and Garthine Walker (eds.), Women, Crime and the Courts in Early Modern England, London 1994, 125-145
Lyndal Roper, "Mothers of Debauchery: Procuresses in Reformation Augsburg", German History 6 (1988), 1-19
Lyndal Roper, "Discipline and Respectability: Prostitution and the Reformation in Augsburg", History Workshp Journal (1985), 3-28
Ulinka Rublack, The Crimes of Women in Early Modern Germany, Oxford 1999, Ch. 4, 5
Ulinka Rublack, "The Public Body: Policing Abortion in Early Modern Germany", in Lynn Abrams and E. Harvey (eds.), Gender Relations in German History, London 1996, 57-79
Otto Ulbricht, "Infanticide in Eighteenth-Century Germany", in Richard J. Evans (ed.), The German Underworld: Deviants and Outcasts in German History, London 1988, 108-140
Yacov Guggenheim, “Meeting on the Road: Encounters between German Jews and Christians on the Margins of Society,” in R. Po-chia Hsia and Hartmut Lehmann (eds.), In and Out of the Ghetto: Jewish-Gentile Relations in Late Medieval and Early Modern Germany. Cambridge, UK 1995, 125-36
Otto Ulbricht, “Criminality and Punishment of the Jews in the Early Modern Period,” in R. Po-chia Hsia and Hartmut Lehmann (eds.), In and Out of the Ghetto: Jewish-Gentile Relations in Late Medieval and Early Modern Germany. Cambridge, UK 1995, 49-70.
Uwe Danker, "Bandits and the State: Robbers and the Authorities in the Holy Roman Empire in the Late Seventeenth and Early Eighteenth Centuries", in Richard J. Evans (ed.), The German Underworld: Deviants and Outcasts in German History, London 1988, 75-107
J. Coleman, A History of Cant and Slang Dictionaries: Volume I 1567-1784, Oxford 2004
Laura Gowing, "Language, Power, and the Law: Women's Slander Litigation in Early Modern London", in Jenny Kermode and Garthine Walker (eds.), Women, Crime and the Courts in Early Modern England, London 1994, 26-47
Francisca Loetz, "How to do Things with God: Blasphemous Speech Acts in Early Modern Zurich", in Mary Lindemann (ed.), Ways of Knowing: Ten Interdisciplinary Essays, Boston 2004, 137‐151
Lee Beier, "Anti-Language or Jargon? Canting in the English Underworld in the Sixteenth and seventeenth Centuries", in Peter Burke and Roy Porter (eds.), Languages and Jargons: Contributions to A Social History of Language, Cambridge 1995, 64-101
Aya Elyada, A Goy Who Speaks Yiddish: Christians and the Jewish Language in Early Modern Germany, Stanford, CA 2012, chapter 6: The Thieves’ Jargon: Yiddish and Jewish Criminality
J. A. Sharpe, Crime in Early Modern England 1550-1750, 2nd ed., London 1999, Ch. 7
Lee Palmer Wandel, Always Among Us: Images of the Poor in Zwingli's Zurich, Cambridge 1990, Ch. 3
Anat Feinberg, "The Representation of the Poor in Elizabethan and Stuart Drama", Literature and History 12 (1986), 152-163
Simon Devereaux, “The City and the Sessions Paper: "Public Justice" in London, 1770-1800”, Journal of British Studies 35 (1996), 466-503
Robert B. Shoemaker, “The Old Bailey Proceedings and the Representation of Crime and Criminal Justice in Eighteenth Century London”, Journal of British Studies 47 (July 2008), 559-580
אילנה קראוזמן בן-עמוס, "בושה ומוניטין בווידוייהם של פושעים בראשית המאה ה- 18", זמנים 70 (תש"ס), 96-105
אבינועם נאה, "בין מדינה לאוטופיה – גלגוליו הספרותיים של הפיראט ג'ון אברי בלונדון בראשית המאה השמונה עשרה", היסטוריה 25 (תשע"א), 43-80
J. A. Sharpe, Crime in Early Modern England 1550-1750, 2nd ed., London 1999, Ch. 8

Additional Reading Material:
Robert Jütte, Poverty and Deviance in Early Modern Europe, Cambridge, UK 1994, Ch. 4, 7
Carter Lindberg, The European Reformations, Cambridge, MA 1996, Ch. 5
Malcolm Gaskill, Crime and Mentalities in early Modern England, Cambridge, UK 2000, Part I: Witchcraft, 33-119
Garthine Walker, Crime, Gender, and Social Order in Early Modern England, New York 2003
Aya Elyada, A Goy Who Speaks Yiddish: Christians and the Jewish Language in Early Modern Germany, Stanford, CA 2012, 48-64, 81-98, 118-121
Elizabeth Horodowich, Language and Statecraft in Early Modern Venice, Cambridge 2008, Ch. 2, 3
Peter Burke, The Historical Anthropology of Early Modern Italy, Cambridge 1987, Ch. 8
Hal Gladfelder, Criminality and Narrative in Eighteenth-Century England: Beyond the Law, Baltimore 2001
Andrea K. McKenzie, Lives of the Most Notorious Criminals: Popular Literature of Crime in England, 1675-1775, A Thesis for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Department of History, University of Toronto, 1999
Claire Jowitt, The Culture of Piracy, 1580-1630‎:‎ English Literature and Seaborne Crime, Farnham, UK 2010

Course/Module evaluation:
End of year written/oral examination 70 %
Presentation 0 %
Participation in Tutorials 20 %
Project work 0 %
Assignments 10 %
Reports 0 %
Research project 0 %
Quizzes 0 %
Other 0 %

Additional information: