HU Credits: 2

Degree/Cycle: 2nd degree (Master)

Responsible Department: musicology

Semester: 1st Semester

Teaching Languages: Hebrew

Campus: Mt. Scopus

Course/Module Coordinator: Prof. Edwin Seroussi

Coordinator Email: edwin.seroussi@mail.huji.ac.il

Coordinator Office Hours: Tue, 12:00-13:00

Teaching Staff:
Prof Edwin Seroussi

Course/Module description:
The music of the world of Islam will be analyzed as a cultural system based on the aesthetic and ethics ideals of Islam as well as the tensions challenging these ideals, especially in modernity. The course will treat a variety of urban and rural musical genres in spaces inhabited by different ethnicities (Arabs, Turks, Iranians, etc.) with the exception of South-East Asia.
The historical depth of the music of the world of Islam will be discussed on the basis of present-day practices with emphasis on issues such as national and sub-national identities as well as globalization. Musical principles shared by different musical cultures within the Islamic space will be addressed, such as modality,rhythmic cycles, compound forms, and performance practices.

Course/Module aims:
To examine the music of the world of Islam in its historical, social and geographical contexts.

To become familiar with the scholarly literature on the music of the world of Islam as well as with data bases and the sonography pertinent to the subject.

The develop the ability to analyze aurally music from diverse areas of the world of Islam.

Learning outcomes - On successful completion of this module, students should be able to:
Capability to identify music from different areas of the world of Islam and to analyze it in its sonic form and texture, and its social, religious and/or historical contexts.

Attendance requirements(%):
90

Teaching arrangement and method of instruction: Frontal lectures mixed with discussions of a selection of texts and analysis in class of a selection of musical works.

Course/Module Content:
Introduction: Geography and History of Islam; what to listen to in the music of the world of Islam; gender issues in music; music in the desert, village and city; Islam, Christianity and Judaism.

Music history, aesthetics, notation: tradition and modernity in music of Islamic spaces.

Modality: the basics of maqam, improvisation, musical genres and forms; music with and without clear beat; the multi-part structure versus the modern song; taqsim; muwwashshah, samai, dor.

The Ottoman Empire: Mevlevi and Bektasi traditions in imperial and republican periods; the fasil; the modern sharki

Egypt: the waslah and taqtuqa.

Syria and Lebanon: the Aleppine waslah and the modern national Lebanese song

The Iraqi maqam

The Persian dastgah, the Central Asian Shashmakam.

The Maghreb: Andalusian nawba, and the Algerian sha'abi

Contemporary popular music from a pan-Islamic perspective: pop-rock, rap, world music, rai, arabesk

Required Reading:
Introduction

Al Faruqi, Lois Ibsen. “The State of Music in Muslim Nations: Evidence from the Arab World,” Asian Music 12, no. 1 (1979), 56-85.

During, Jean. “Music, Poetry and the Visual Arts in Persia,” The World of Music 24, no. 1 (1982), 72-84.

El-Shawan Castelo-Branco, Salwa. “Change in Arab Music in Egypt: A major issue in the 1932 Congress of Arabic Music.” In: To the four corners: A Festschrift in honor of Rose Brandel, 1994.

Frishkopf, Michael Aaron, Music and media in the Arab world. Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press, 2010. NOT in MS.

Nooshin, Laudan, Music and the play of power in the Middle East, North Africa and Central Asia. Farnham [u.a.]: Ashgate, 2009. (ML 3916 M86 2009) Also online.

Powers, Harold (ed.). “Symposium of Art Musics in Muslim Nations,” Asian Music 12, no. 1 (1979).

Racy, Ali Jihad. “Historical worldviews of early ethnomusicologists: An east-west encounter in Cairo, 1932.” In: Steven Blum, Philip Bohlman and Daniel Neumann (eds.), Ethnomusicology and Modern Music History, Urbana : University of Illinois Press,1991.

Sawa, George. “Medieval Arabic Performance Practice,” Ethnomusicology 25, no. 1 (1981), 75-86.

Shehadi, Fadlou. Philosophies of Music in Medieval Islam. Leiden, Brill, 1995. (ML 189 S53 1995)

Shiloah, Amnon. “The Status of Art Music in Muslim Nations”, Asian Music 12 (1979), 40-55.

Thomas, Anne Elise. “Intervention and reform of Arab music in 1932 and beyond,” Conference on Music in the World of Islam, 2007, La Fondation du Forum d'Assilah, La Maison des Cultures du Monde.

Wright, Owen et ali. “Arab Music,” New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians (2002).


Modality

Elsner, J. (ed.) Maqam-Raga-Zeilenmelodik. Berlin 1989. 2 Vols. (ML 3547 M36)

Gharb, Anas, “Occident and Intervals in ‘Arabic Music’ from the 17th century to the Arab Congress,” The World of Music 47, no. 3 (2005), pp. 57-73. Online: http://www.saramusik.org/aghrab/wom/intervals.pdf

Maalouf, Shireen. “Mīkhā’īl Mishāqā: Virtual Founder of the Twenty-Four Equal Quartertone Scale”. Journal of the American Oriental Society 123, no. 4 (2003), 835-840.

Marcus, Scott. “Modulation in Arabic Music: Documenting Oral Concepts, Performance Rules and Strategies,” Ethnomusicology 36, no. 2 (1992), 171-196.
----- “The Interface between Theory and Practice: Intonation in Arab Music,” Asian Music 24, no. 2 (1993), pp. 39-58

Powers, Harold. “Mode,” The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Revised Edition 2001, ed. Stanley Sadie.

Shiloah, Amnon. “The Arab Concept of Mode,” Journal of the American Musicological Society, 34, no. 1 (1981), pp. 19-42.

Wright, Owen. The Modal System of Arab and Persian Music A.D. 1250-1300. London 1978.

Improvisation, genres and forms

Al Faruqi, Lois Ibsen. “Muwashshah: A Vocal Form in Islamic Culture,” Ethnomusicology 9, no. 1 (1975), 1-29.
-----. “Ornamentation in Arabic Improvisational Music: A Study of Interrelatedness in the Arts,” The World of Music 20 (1978), 17-32.

Nettl, Bruno and Ronald Riddle. “Taqsim Nahawand: a Study of Sixteen Performances by Jihad Racy,” Yearbook of the International Folk Music Council, 5 (1973), 11 50.

Reynolds, Dwight F. “Musical Dimensions of an Arabic Oral Epic Tradition,” Asian Music 26, no. 1 (Autumn, 1994 -Winter, 1995), pp. 53-94.

Shannon, Jonathan Holt. “al-Muwashshahat and al-qudud al-halabiyya: Two genres in the Aleppine Wasla,” MESA Bulletin 37, no. 1 (2003): 82-101.


Music, Religion and Sufism

Al-Faruqi, Louis, “Accentuation in Qur’anic Chant: A Study of Musical Tawazun,” Yearbook of the International Folk Music Council 10 (1978), 53- 68.
-----. “Music, Musicians and Muslim Law”, Asian Music, 17, no. 1 (1985), 3-36.
-----. “The Cantillation of the Qur’an,” Asian Music 19, no. 1 (1987), 2-25.

Al-Ghazali, Jajd al-Din al-Tusi. Tracts on listening to music: being dhamm al-Malahi and Bawariq al-Ilma, edited with introduction, translation, and notes by James Robson 1938 (BP 190.5 M8 T7)

Al-Ghazali, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad Ibn Muḥammad Aṭ-ṭūsī (450-505 AH/1058-1111), Iḥyāʾ ʿulūm al-dīn (The Revival of the Religious Sciences), Book 18: On Music and Singing. Translated by D. B. MacDonald, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (1901). On the author and his work see: http://www.ghazali.org/

During, Jean, “Revelation and Spiritual Audition in Islam,” The World of Music 1982, no. 3 (1982), 68-84.

Frishkopf, Michael Aaron, “Tarab in the Mystic Sufi Chant of Egypt,” In Zuhur, Colors of Enchantment

Lewisohn, Leonard, “The Sacred Music of Islam: Samā' in the Persian Sufi Tradition,” The British Journal of Ethnomusicology 6 (1997), 1–33.

Lucas, Ann E., “Caught between Heaven and Hell: The Morality of Music and Cosmologies of the Past in Persian Writings on Listening, c. 1040–c. 1800,” Asian Music (Winter/Spring 2012), 91-130.

Nelson, Kristina, The Art of Chanting the Qur’an. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press 1985. (BP 131.6 N44 1985) Available online

Poché, Christian, “Zikr and Musicology,” The World of Music 20, no. 1 (1978), 59-73.

Sabri, Mustafa, A Topic of Dispute in Islam: Music, Beyan-ul-Haq 63, year: 2, vol: 3, 1910. http://www.wakeup.org/anadolu/05/4/mustafa_sabri_en.html

Shiloah, Amnon, “Music and Religion in Islam,” Acta Musicologica 69, no. 2 (1997), pp. 143-155.

Ottoman Empire

Feldman, Zev. “Melodic Progression, Rhythm and Compositional Form in the Ottoman Peşrev: 1500-1850,” in Regionale maqam-Traditionen in Geschichte und Gegenwart, Teil I, ed. Jurgen Elsner and Gisa Jahnichen. Berlin 1992, pp. 191-251. (ML 3547 L36)

Signell, Karl. Makam. Modal Practice in Turkish Art Music. Seattle: Asian Music Publications 1977. (ML 3757 S547)

Wright, Owen. “Aspects of Historical Change in the Turkish Classical Repertory,” Musica Asiatica 5 (1988), 1 108.
-----. “Cargah in Turkish Classical Music: History versus Theory,” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 53 (1990), 224-44.


Egypt

Azzam, Nabil Salim. Muhammad 'Abd al-Wahhab in modern Egyptian music. Ph.D. diss., UCLA, 1990 (ML 410 A23 A99)

Danielson, Virginia. The Voice of Egypt: Umm Kulthum, Arabic Song, and Egyptian Society in the Twentieth Century. Chicago,University of Chicago Press, 1997 (ML 3762 E39 D36)

El-Shawan, Salwa. Al-musika al-'arabiyyah: A Category of Urban Music in Cairo, Egypt, 1927-1977. Ph.D. diss., 1982. (ML 3762 E39 S52)

Marcus, Scott Lloyd. Music in Egypt: Experiencing Music, Expressing Culture. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.

Racy, Ali J. “Record Industry and Egyptian Traditional Music, 1904-1932,” Ethnomusicology 20 (1976), 23-48.
-----. “Musical Aesthetics in Present Day Cairo,” Ethnomusicology 26 (1982), 391-406.
-----. “Music in Nineteenth-century Egypt: An Historical Sketch,” Selected Reports in Ethnomusicology 4 (1984), 157-179.

Touma, Habib H. “The Folk Music of Egypt,” The World of Music 1969, no. 2, 62-68.

Syria and Lebanon

Stone, Christopher. Popular culture and nationalism in Lebanon: The Fairouz and Rahbani nation. Routledge, Abingdon, NY, 2008. (ML 3502 L43 S76 2008)

Shannon, Jonathan Holt. Among the Jasmine Trees: Music and Modernity in Contemporary Syria. Music/culture. Middletown, Conn: Wesleyan University Press, 2006.

Iraq

Kojaman, Y. The Maqam Music Tradition in Iraq. London, 2001.

Persia and Central Asia

Babiracki, Carol M. and Bruno Nettl. “Internal Interrelationships in Persian Classical Music: The Dastgah Shur in Eighteen Radifs,” Asian Music 19, no. 1 (1987), 46 98.

Blum, Stephen. “Persian Folksong of Meshhed,” Yearbook of International Folk Music Council 6 (1974), 86-114.

During, Jean. “Tradition and History: The case of Iran.” The Garland encyclopedia of world music, vol. 6 (The Middle East), 853-864.

Levin, Theodore Craig. The Hundred Thousand Fools of God: Musical Travels in Central Asia (and Queens, New York). Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1996.

Nettl, Bruno and Daryoosh Shenassa. “Towards a Comparative Study of Persian Radifs: Focus on Dastgah e Mahour,” Orbis Musicae 8 (1983), 29 43.

Sultanova, Razia “The Classical Music of Uzbeks and Tajiks,” The Garland encyclopedia of world music, vol. 6 (The Middle East), 909-920.

Zonis, Ella, Classical Persian Music: an Introduction. Cambridge, Mass. 1973. (ML 3756 Z65)

Talai, Dariush, “A New Approach to the Theory of Persian Art Music: The Radif and the Modal System,” The Garland encyclopedia of world music, vol. 6 (The Middle East), 865-874.


Maghreb

Davis, Ruth. Ma’luf. Reflections on the Arab Andalusian Music of Tunisia. Lanham MD; Oxford: Scarecrow Press, 2004.

Guettat, Mahmoud. La musique arabo-andalouse. Paris, Editions El Nouns, 2000. (ML 189 G83)

Pacholczyk, Josef. “Towards a Comparative Study of a Suite Tradition in the Islamic Near East and Central Asia: Kashmir and Morocco,” Regionale maqam-Traditionen in Geschichte und Gegenwart, ed. Jurgen Elsner and Gisa Jahnichen. Berlin 1992, Teil 2, pp. 429-465.

Reynolds, Dwight. “New Directions in the Study of Medieval Arabo-Andalusian Music,” Journal of Medieval Iberian Studies 1, no. 1 (2009), 37-51.
-----. “The Re-creation of Medieval Arabo-Andalusian Music in Modern Performance,” Al-Masaq 21, no. 2 (2009), pp. 175-189.

Schuyler, Philip. “Moroccan Andalusian Music,” The World of Music 1 (1978), 33-44.
-----. “The Rwais and the Zawia Professional Musicians and the Rural Religious Elite in Southwestern Morocco,” Asian Music 17, no. 1 (1985), 114-131.

Popular music

Stokes, Martin. The Arabesk Debate: Music and Musicians in Modern Turkey. Oxford, Clarendon Press 1992.

Additional Reading Material:
Introduction to Islam

Schimmel, Annemarie (1992). Islam: An Introduction. Albany: SUNY Press. (BP 55 S343)

Encyclopedias and reference works

Al Faruqi, Lois Ibsen. An Annotated Glossary of Arabic Musical Terms. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press 1981.

Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, vol. 6: The Middle East, ed. by Virginia Danielson, Scott Marcus and Dwight Reynolds. New York, 2002. (ML 102 W6 G37).

General works of music of Islam

Armbrust, Walter, ed. (2000). Mass Meditations: new Approaches to the Study of Popular Culture in the Middle East and Beyond. Univ. California Press. (P 94.65 M535 M37 2000) Also available electronically.

Erlanger, Rodolphe von. La musique arabe. Paris: Librairie Orientaliste Paul Geuthner, 5 vols. 1930-1959. (ML 189 E8)

Farmer, Henry. A History of Arabian Music to the XIIIth Century. London 1929.

Farmer, Henry George. Studies in Oriental music. Frankfurt am Main: Institute for the History of Arabic-Islamic Science at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, 1997.
(ML 189 F36 S78 1997).

Feldman, Walter. Music of the Ottoman Court. Berlin 1966. (ML 3757 F44)

Mallah, Issam. Arab music and musical notation. 1997 [with sound recording] (ML 189 M35; OMD 1582)
Racy, Ali Jihad. Making Music in the Arab World: The Culture and Artistry of Tarab. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002. (ML 189 R32 2002)

Sawa, George. Music Performance Practice in the Early ‘Abbasid Era 132-320 AH/750-932 AD. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies 1989 (ML 189 S38); 2nd. ed., 2004 (ML 5 W587 V80 2004)

Shiloah, Amnon. Music in the World of Islam: A Socio-Cultural Study. Hants, Great Britain 1995.
תירגום עברי: המוסיקה בעולם האסלאם : מבט חברתי-תרבותי, מוסד ביאליק, 1999.
-----. The Theory of Music in Arabic Writings. Munich 1979. (ML 111 R6 B10)

Touma, Habib Hassan. The Music of the Arabs, translated by Laurie Schwartz. 1996. (ML 189 T63 1996)

Zuhur, Sherifa. Colors of Enchantment: Theater, Dance, Music, and the Visual Arts of the Middle East. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 2001. (NX 573 A1 Z85 2001)

Course/Module evaluation:
End of year written/oral examination 90 %
Presentation 0 %
Participation in Tutorials 10 %
Project work 0 %
Assignments 0 %
Reports 0 %
Research project 0 %
Quizzes 0 %
Other 0 %

Additional information:
N/A