HU Credits: 2

Degree/Cycle: 1st degree (Bachelor)

Responsible Department: Hebrew Literature

Semester: 1st Semester

Teaching Languages: Hebrew

Campus: Mt. Scopus

Course/Module Coordinator: Dr. Esther Chazon

Coordinator Email: esther.chazon@mail.huji.ac.il

Coordinator Office Hours: Thursday 12:15-13:15

Teaching Staff:
Dr. Esther Chazon

Course/Module description:
The course covers the various collections of biblical and non-biblical psalms from Qumran. The nature of each collection and each of the non-biblical psalms in the collections will be analyzed. Special attention will be paid to the re-use of Scripture as a tool to unlocking the meaning of the "new" psalms and hymns.

Course/Module aims:
• To examine the corpus of psalms and hymns in the Dead Sea Scrolls.
• To acquire the skills to analyze poetic compositions from the Second Temple period, their use of Scripture, and their functions.
• To acquire the ability to use the databases and bibliographical resources for in the Dead Sea Scrolls and related literature.
• To identify the features of Qumran sectarian literature and to differentiate between sectarian and non-sectarian texts.

Learning outcomes - On successful completion of this module, students should be able to:
• To locate the scrolls in the critical editions and to use the critical editions of the Dead Sea Scrolls for study and research.
• To identify different types of variants in the biblical psalms and to differentiate them from deliberate literary changes such as linguistic updating or liturgical adaptation.
• To analyze psalms, hymns and prayers in Dead Sea Scrolls and to appraise the re-use of Scripture in the non-canonical compositions.
• To compare the psalms, hymns and prayers in Dead Sea Scrolls with later Jewish liturgy.
• To identify the distinctive sectarian terminology and ideas.
• To differentiate between sectarian compositions and non-sectarian works imported to Qumran.
• To describe the corpus of psalms and hymns in the Qumran caves.

Attendance requirements(%):
80

Teaching arrangement and method of instruction: The students will read and interpret the psalms or hymns studied each week with the aid of the required reading and their own analysis of the biblical allusions.
For certain topics, each student will be assigned his/her own reading and present it to the class as a basis for an in-class round table discussion.
Each student will present his/her original research project to the class in the form of a full lecture or brief report on a written term paper.

Course/Module Content:
1. The Thirty-Nine Psalms Scrolls from Qumran – Categories and Issues
2. The Cave 11 Psalms Scroll – Overview and the Interface between "Biblical" and "Apocryphal"
3. The Hymn to the Creator in 11QPsalmsa and the Rabbinic Benediction over the Heavenly Luminaries
4. The Apostrophe to Zion in 11QPsalmsa and Zion Songs in Literature and Liturgy
5. The List of David's Compositions in 11QPsalmsa, Its Function and the Character of the Scroll
6. Psalm 154 and the Prayer for the Welfare of King Jonathan (4Q448)
7. The Songs of the Sage and Protection against Demons (4Q510-511)
8. Laments from Qumran and Socio-Political Critique (4Q179, 4Q501)
9. The Prayer of Joseph and the Polemic against the Samaritans (4Q372)
10. The Collection of Pseudepigraphic Non-Canonical Psalms (4Q380-381)
11. The Hodayot Hymns of the Dead Sea Sect – Community Hymns
12. The Hodayot Hymns of the Dead Sea Sect – Teacher Hymns
13. Psalms, Hymns, and Prayers from Qumran in the Larger Literary Context

Required Reading:
1. The Thirty-Nine Psalms Scrolls from Qumran – Categories and Issues
2. The Cave 11 Psalms Scroll – Overview and the Interface between "Biblical" and "Apocryphal"
Sanders, J., The Psalms Scroll of Qumran Cave 11 (11QPsa), Discoveries in the Judaean Desert 4, 1965. Pages 37-38 (Ps 118, Ps 145), pp. 45-46 (Ps 155).
Flint, Peter W., The Dead Sea Scrolls and the Book of Psalms (STDJ 17, Leiden: Brill, 1997) Pages 113-116, 154-155, 174
חזון, אסתר, "מזמורי תהילים במגילות מדבר יהודה," עולם התנ"ך,ספר תהילים ב', ערך גרשון גליל, תל-אביב, דודזון-אתי, 1995, עמ' 282-287. Chazon in The World of the Bible
אשל, חנן, "מזמורים שאינם בנוסח המסורה המתועדים במגילות ספר תהילים שנמצאו בקומראן," מגילות קומראן: מבואות ומחקרים, ערך מ' קיסטר ,ירושלים, יד בן-צבי, 2009, עמודים 209-224. (על קנא, קנד, בן-סירא נא, המזמור אסכטולוגי ממערה 4). Eshel, H. in The Qumran Scrolls and Their World.
אשל, חנן וקנדי-הראל, שלומית, "מזמור קנה – שיר אלף-ביתי מימי הבית השני על החזרה בתשובה," צפנת פענח: מחקרי לשון מוגשים לאלישע קימרון במלאות לו שישים וחמד שנה, ערכו ד' סיון, ד' טלשיר וח' כהן, אוניברסיטת בן-גוריון, תשס"ט, 29-51. Eshel, and Kandi-Harel, S., "Psalm 155," in Qimron Festschrift.
הורביץ, אבי, בין לשון ללשון, ירושלים, ביאליק, 1972. 67-73, 79-107, 170-184. Hurvitz, A.

3. The Hymn to the Creator in 11QPsalmsa and the Rabbinic Benediction over the Heavenly Luminaries
Sanders, The Psalms Scroll, DJD IV, pages 47 and 89-91.
משה ויינפלד, "עקבות של קדושת יוצר ופסוקי דזמרה במגילות קומראן ובספר בן-סירא", תרביץ מה (תשל"ו) 15-26. Weinfeld, Moshe, in Tarbiz 1976
חזון, אסתר, "דו-שיח עם המקרא במזמורים ובתפילות מקומראן," מגילות א (תשס"ג), 59-60 ,63-66, והסיכום ב-68-70. 2003 Chazon in Meghillot

4. The Apostrophe to Zion in 11QPsalmsa and Zion Songs in Literature and Liturgy
קימרון, אלישע, מגילות מדבר יהודה: החיבורים העבריים, כרך שני, ירושלים, יד בן-צבי, תשע"ג, עמודים 352-353. Qimron editions, The Dead Sea Scrolls, volume 2
Sanders, The Psalms Scroll (DJD 4), pages 43 and 86-89.
Ulrich, Eugene, et al., "88. 4QPsf" in Qumran Cave 4 XI: Psalms to Chronicles (DJD 16), 2000, pages 85-88 and 96-106.
Morgenstern, Mathew, "The Apostrophe to Zion–A Philological and Structural Analysis," Dead Sea Discoveries 14 (2007): 178-198.
קיסטר, מנחם, "ירושלים והמקדש בקומראן," בתוך מגילות קומראן: מבואות ומחקרים, 477-484 ו-496 (על השיר לציון ושיר בספר טוביה פרק 13).

5. The List of David's Compositions in 11QPsalmsa, Its Function and the Character of the Scroll
Sanders, The Psalms Scroll (DJD 4), 91-93.
מזרחי, נועם, "רשימת 'חיבורי דוד, שבמגילת המזמורים מקומראן (11QPsa) כז 2-11 וזיקותיה לתיאורי דוד ושלחמה בספר מלכים ובספר דברי הימים," מגילות ה-ו (תשס"ח) 167-197. Mizrahi, Noam, in Meghillot 2008
Goshen-Gottstein, Moshe, “The Psalms Scroll (11QPsa): A Problem of Canon and Text," Textus 5 (1986): 22-33.
Flint, Peter, The Dead Sea Scrolls and the Book of Psalms, 18-26, 148-149, 189-227.

6. Psalm 154 and the Prayer for the Welfare of King Jonathan (4Q448)
Sanders, The Psalms Scroll (DJD 4), 39 and 64-70.
Eshel, E. Eshel, H., and Yardeni, A., "448. 4QApocryphal Psalm and Prayer" (DJD 11), 409-425.
אשל אסתר, אשל חנן, ירדני עדה, "חיבור מקומראן ובו קטע ממזמור קנ"ד ותפילה לשלומו של יונתן המלך וממלכתו," תרביץ ס (תשנ"א) 295-317. Eshel, Eshel, Yardeni, in Tarbiz 1991
אשל, חנן ואסתר, "התפילה לשלומה של יונתן המלך, מזמור קנד והפשר לישעיה," תרביץ סז (תשנ"ח) 121-130. Eshel, Esther and Hanan, in Tarbiz, 1998
פלוסר, דוד "על הברכה ליונתן המלך," תרביץ סא (תשנ"ב) 297-300. Flusser in Tarbiz 1992
קימרון, אלישע, "הערה לתפילה לשלומו של יונתן המלך," תרביץ סא (תשנ"ב) 565-567.Qimron
Main, Emmanuelle, "For King Joshua or Against? The Use of the Bible in 4Q448," in Biblical Perspectives: Early Use and Interpretation of the Bible in Light of the Dead Sea Scrolls (ed. M. E. Stone and E. G. Chazon; STDJ 28; Brill: Leiden, 1998), 113-135.

7. The Songs of the Sage and Protection against Demons (4Q510-511)
ניצן, בילהה, "שירי שבח 'לפחד ולבהל' רוחות רשע (4Q510 ו4Q511)” תרביץ 55 (תשמ"ה) 19-46. Nitzan, B. and Ta-Shma, I. in Tarbiz 1985.
תא שמע, ישראל, "הערות לשירי שבח מקומראן," תרביץ 55 (תשמ"ה) 440-442.

8. Laments from Qumran and Socio-Political Critique (4Q179, 4Q501)
Dead Sea Scrolls Reader 5/Electronic Library - 4Q179 and 4Q501
Berlin, Adele. “Quman Laments and the Study of Lament Literature,” Liturgical Perspectives: Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium of the Orion Center (ed. Chazon; Leiden: Brill, 2003) 1-17.
Horgan, Mauyra, "A Lament over Jerusalem (4Q179)," Journal of Semitic Studies 18 (1973) 222-224. The whole article is pages 222-234. It is on the Journal's homepage.

9. The Prayer of Joseph and the Polemic against the Samaritans (4Q372)
4Q372.4QNarrative and Poetic Compositionb in DJD 28:151-154,167-178. Or, DSSReader, volume 3.
אשל, חנן, "תפילת יוסף מקומראן, פפירוס ממצדה והמקדש השומרוני בהרגריזים," ציון נו (תשנ"א) 125-136. Eshel, H. in Zion, 1991
חזון, אסתר, "דו-שיח עם המקרא," מגילות א (תשס"ג) 66-70. Chazon in Meghillot 2003
Schuller, “The Psalm of 4Q372 1 Within the Context of Second Temple Prayer,” Catholic Biblical Quarterly 54 (1992) 67-79.

10. The Collection of Pseudepigraphic Non-Canonical Psalms (4Q380-381)
Schuller, Non-Canonical Psalms, pages 21-38 and text with commentary on 4Q380 1, 4Q381 1, 15, 24, 31, 33, 69, 76-67. The final edition of 4Q380-4Q381 is in:
Schuller, “4QNon-Canonical Psalms A, B,” Qumran Cave 4 VI: Poetical and Liturgical Texts, Part 1 (DJD 11; ed. Eshel et al.; Oxford: Clarendon, 1998) 75-164.
"תפילת מנשה," בתוך: כהנא, אברהם, הספרים החיצוניים, כרך א.2, עמודים שלב-שלה.
William M. Schniedewind, “A Qumran Fragment of the Ancient ‘Prayer of Manasseh,’ Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 108 (1996) 105-107.

11-12. Hodayot of the Dead Sea Sect – Community Hymns and Teacher Hymns
Hartmut Stegemann with Eileen Schuller, trans. of texts by Carol Newsom, 1QHodayota with Incorporation of 1QHodayotb and 4QHodayota-f (DJD 40; Oxford: Clarendon, 2009).
ליכט, מגילת ההודיות, ירושלים, 1957. Licht, The Thanksgiving Scroll
שולר, איילין, "מגילת ההודיות," בתוך: מגילות קומראן: מבואות ומחקרים, ערך מ' קיסטר, 261-273.
Chazon, Esther G., "Liturgical Function in the Cave 1 Hodayot Collection," in Qumran Cave 1 Revisited (ed. D. K. Falk et al.; STDJ 91; Leiden: Brill, 2010) 135-149.
Newsom, Carol A., The Self as Symbolic Space: Constructing Identity and Community at Qumran (STDJ 52; Atlanta: SBL, 2004), chapters 5 and 6.

Additional Reading Material:
none

Course/Module evaluation:
End of year written/oral examination 0 %
Presentation 0 %
Participation in Tutorials 30 %
Project work 70 %
Assignments 0 %
Reports 0 %
Research project 0 %
Quizzes 0 %
Other 0 %

Additional information:
1. Active participation in at least 80% of the classes based on preparation of the assigned text and required reading for each class
2. Original research project given as a lecture in class or a written paper.