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HU Credits:
2
Degree/Cycle:
2nd degree (Master)
Responsible Department:
Philosophy
Semester:
1st Semester
Teaching Languages:
Hebrew
Campus:
Mt. Scopus
Course/Module Coordinator:
Tatiana Karachentseva
Coordinator Office Hours:
Wed. 13.00-14.00
Teaching Staff:
Dr. Tatiana Karachentseva
Course/Module description:
According to Kant, the chapter On the schematism of pure concepts of the understanding deals with the sensible condition of the application of categories. Kant calls this sensible condition transcendental schematism. Transcendental schemata, according to Kant's definition, are nothing but a priori time-determinations. We will try to understand, explain and make this Kantian definition as explicit as possible. In particular, we will try to clarify the following points:
- On the one hand, Kant considers the transcendental schema as an act of the power of judgment, through which intuition is subsumed under a pure category. On the other hand, the transcendental schema, according to Kant, is a product of the transcendental imagination. How can these Kantian definitions be reconciled?
- Since only time (and not space) is determined by categories, in what relation does transcendental schematism stand to space which is also an a priori form of intuition albeit outer one and not inner?
- Schematism makes it possible to use categories for the purposes of cognizing phenomena and, at the same time, it restricts this use to the limits of possible experience. Can, in Kant’s terms, pure categories be used for other (non-cognitive) purposes, what are the conditions for their different use, and how are these conditions related to the schematism?
We will also try to explicate the meaning of transcendental schematism for the implementation of the entire critical project (expressed in the three Kantian Critiques). We will complete our analysis of the schematism with a discussion of the so-called Kantian dualism. We will note that the standard dualistic image of Kant's critical philosophy is twofold, since it attributes to Kant - with the same gesture - both the dualism of sensibility and understanding and the dualism of nature and freedom. Given this twofold character of dualistic image, we will ask a double question: in what relation does the schematism stand to the affirmation of the dualism of sensibility and understanding - on the one hand, in what relation does it stand to the affirmation of the dualism of nature and freedom - on the other? It is quite likely that transcendental schematism refutes the dualism of sensibility and understanding, but supports the dualism of nature and freedom.
The role and significance of the Schematism chapter in the general structure of the CPR as well as in the context of the three Critiques has been interpreted in different ways. There is a point of view according to which this chapter is not only obscure and incomprehensible, but also unnecessary, devoid of meaning and empty of content. There is a directly opposite point of view too, according to which this chapter is not only clear and transparent in its content, but also plays a key role in the structure of the first Critique as a whole, and at the same time in the entire critical project. We will discuss both points of view, but focus on interpretations that represent the second one. We will be primarily interested in Hegel’s speculative interpretation of transcendental schematism, Neo-Kantian epistemological interpretation, Heidegger’s phenomenological interpretation, and Deleuze’s interpretation in terms of the doctrine of faculties. We will draw attention to the fact that all these interpretations are based on the same model of searching for a common root of sensibility and understanding, which, at the same time, acts as a common root of understanding and reason, theoretical and practical, nature and freedom (although this model is implemented in various forms). We will discuss whether it is possible, worth and important to change this model of interpretation of Kantian critique in general and the transcendental schematism especially.
Course/Module aims:
The goals of the course are:
- to clarify the meaning of Kant’s notion of the transcendental schematism by analyzing its function in the chapter On the transcendental schematism, in the structure of the Critique of pure Reason as a whole as well as in the two other Critiques (the Critique of practical Reason and the Critique of Judgment).
- to reconstruct the system of Kant’s distinctions by means of which the transcendental schema is distinguished from the schema of an empirical concept, a schematized category from a pure category, the pure form of intuition from the formal intuition, time as a presentation of categories from time presented in space.
- to compare the way in which categories determine time according to the Critique of pure Reason with the ways in which categories are related to time according to the Critique of practical Reason on the one hand and according to the Critique of Judgment on the other.
- to analyze a number of the most significant and influential interpretations of the transcendental schematism, explicate the principles and grounds of these interpretations, and clarify their relationship to Kant’s critical method.
Learning outcomes - On successful completion of this module, students should be able to:
At the end of the course students should be able to:
- possess a methodology that allows one to explicate the structure of the problem of transcendental schematism and show its role and function in the context of the Critique of Pure Reason as well as in the context of all three Critiques.
- reconstruct the system of Kantian concepts and distinctions that determine the nature of the solution to the problem of transcendental schematism and relate this solution to the question of Kantian dualism.
- trace the fate of the Kantian problem of the relation of categories to time in post-Kantian philosophy by reconstructing the history of interpretations of transcendental schematism, which can be found in the works of Hegel, neo-Kantians, Heidegger, Deleuze and others.
Attendance requirements(%):
100%
Teaching arrangement and method of instruction:
Discussion, dialogue, and close reading will be the main methods of this course.
Course/Module Content:
• Introduction: the transcendental schematism and different ways of its interpretations
• Chapter On the schematism: its problematic, structure and method
• The transcendental schematism in the context of The Transcendental Doctrine of the Power of Judgment (or Analytic of Principles)
• The transcendental schematism in its relation to the Deduction of the Pure Concepts of the Understanding
• The transcendental schematism and Transcendental Aesthetics
• The transcendental schematism as a kind of hypotyposis
• Speculative interpretation of transcendental schematism presented in Hegel’s Faith and Knowledge
• Heidegger’s interpretation of the transcendental schematism according to Kant and the problem of Metaphysics
• Dispute in Davos (1929): Cassirer contra Heidegger
• Kant’s Critiques as a doctrine of faculties: Deleuze’s interpretation of the transcendental schematism
• Conclusions
Required Reading:
Kant, I. Critique of pure Reason
Kant, I. Critique of practical Reason (fragments)
Kant, I. Critique of Judgment (fragments)
Hegel, G.-W.-F. Faith and Knowledge
Heidegger, M. Kant and the problem of metaphysics
Deleuze, G. Kant’s Critical Philosophy: The Doctrine of the Faculties
The Neo-Kantian reader (S.Luft ed.), Part 2: The Marburg School
Additional Reading Material:
Allison H.E. Kant's transcendental idealism an interpretation and defense. Ch. 8
Baiasu R. Heidegger’s Interpretation of Kant’s Transcendental Schematism – In Kant and the Continental Tradition
Banham G. Schematism and Imagination/ In Kant’s Transcendental Imagination, ch. 5
Boer de K. Categories versus Schemata: Kant’s Two-Aspect Theory of Pure Concepts and his
Critique of Wolffian Metaphysics
Caimi M. The logical structure of time according to the chapter on the Schematism
Champagne M. Kantian Schemata: A Critique Consistent with the Critique
Chipman L. Kant's Categories and their Schematism
Dister J.E. The Problem of Schematism of Pure Concepts of Understanding in Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason
Dufrenne M. The Notion of the A Priori
Franzwa G.E. Space and the Schematism
Golob S. Heidegger on Kant, Time and the ‘form’ of Intentionality
Grayson N.J. The Schematism of Analogy and the Figure of Christ: Bridging Two Types of Hypotyposis
Gram M.S. Kant, ontology & the a priori
Heidegger M. Phenomenological Interpretation of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason
Heidegger M. The Essence of Human Freedom: An Introduction to Philosophy
Hall B. The arguments of Kant’s Critique of pure Reason
Käufer S. Schemata, Hammers, and Time: Heidegger’s Two Derivations of Judgment
Krausser P. Kant's Schematism of the categories and the problem of pattern recognition
Krämer S. Schematism, Imagination, and Pure Intuition in Kant
Krijnen C. The Problem of Schematism in Kant and its Transformation in Southwest Neo-Kantianism – In Kant Yearbook, Vol. 12 (2020), Issue 1
Lask E. Three fragment from The Neo-Kantian Reader
Malabou C. “Idealism”: a new name for metaphysics. Hegel and Heidegger on a priori synthesis
Matherne S. Kant and the Art of Schematism
Pendlebury M. Making Sense of Kant's Schematism
Pippin R.B. The Schematism and Empirical Concepts – In Immanuel Kant, Critical Assessments, Vol. II
Rotenstreich N. Kant's Schematism in Its Context
Sakai H. Schematism Chapter in the Critique of Pure Reason
Schaper E. Kant's Schematism Reconsidered
Scaglia L. Kant's notion of transcendental schema
Smith N.K. A Commentary to Kant’s ‘Critique of Pure Reason’
Waxman W. Subsuming Reality: Schematism and Transcendental Judgment – In Kant's Anatomy of the Intelligent Mind, Part IV, chapter 16
Willatt E. Kant’s Schematism – In Kant, Deleuze and Architectonics, chapter 4
Woods M. Kant's Transcendental Schematism
Course/Module evaluation:
End of year written/oral examination 0 %
Presentation 20 %
Participation in Tutorials 10 %
Project work 70 %
Assignments 0 %
Reports 0 %
Research project 0 %
Quizzes 0 %
Other 0 %
Additional information:
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