Syllabus - ישראל במשפט הבין-לאומי (62383)

חומר חובה לקריאה:
Two main books will be used during the course:
1. Malcolm N. Shaw, International Law (7nd. Ed., 2014) ("Shaw").
2. James Crawford, Brownlie’s Principles of Public International Law (8th ed., 2012) ("Crawford").

Part I: Introduction to PIL
1. The Nature of PIL
• Shaw, 1-8, 31-48.
• Further reading (optional): David Kennedy, "International Law and the Nineteenth Century: History of an illusion", 17 Quinnipiac L. Rev. 99 (1997).
• Further reading (optional): Hercules Booysen, "Is International Law Relinquishing its Exclusively Public Law Nature?", 4 Tulsa J. Comp. & Int'l L. 219 (1997).

2. Historical development of PIL
• Shaw, 9-22.
• S.S. "Lotus" (Fr. v. Turk.), (1927) P.C.I.J. (Ser. A) No. 10, p. 10-12, 16-20.
• Further reading (optional): Antony Anghie, "The Evolution of International Law: Colonial and Postcolonial Realities", 27 Third World Quarterly 739 (2006).

3. Theory of PIL - Why do States comply
• Samantha Besson and John Tasioulas, Introduction, in The Philosophy of International Law (Besson and Tasioulas, eds., 2010) p. 1-19.
• Moshe Hirsch, “Compliance with International Norms in the Age of Globalization: Two Theoretical Perspectives”, in The Impact of International Law on International Cooperation (Eyal Benvenisti and Moshe Hirsch, eds., Cambridge University Press, 2004), pp. 166-193.
• Further reading (optional): Martti Koskenniemi, "The Politics of International Law", 1 European Journal of International Law 4 (1990), p. 4-13.

4. Sources of PIL
• Shaw, 49-91, 654-693.
• Statute of the International Court of Justice, June 26, 1945, 1 U.N.T.S. 993, articles 38, 59.
• Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 1155 U.N.T.S. 331 (1969), articles 1-3, 6-7, 11, 19-21, 24, 26-32, 39-40, 42, 48-64.
• Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicar. v. U.S.), (1986) I.C.J. 14, paras. 172-186.
• Further reading (optional): Asylum (Colom./Peru), Judgment, (1950) I.C.J. 266, p. 276-278.
• Further reading (optional): North Sea Continental Shelf (Fed. Rep. Ger./Den.; Fed. Rep. Ger./Neth.), Judgment, (1969) I.C.J. 3, paras. 70-81.
• Further reading (optional): M. Cherif Bassiouni, "A Functional Approach to 'General Principles of International Law'", 11 Mich. J. Int'l L. 768 (1990).
• Further reading (optional): Julian D. Mortenson, "The Travaux of Travaux: Is the Vienna Convention Hostile to Drafting History?", 107 AJIL 780 (2013).
• Further reading (optional): Rosalyn Higgins, Problems and Process: International Law and How We Use It (1994), chapter 12 - The Role of National Courts in the International Legal Process.

5. The relation between PIL and domestic law
• Shaw, 92-142.
• Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 1155 U.N.T.S. 331 (1969), articles 27, 46.
• Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, A/56/83 (2001), article 3.
• Further reading (optional): General Commentary on the ILC Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, 92, Report of the ILC on the work of its fifty-third session, A/CN.4/SER.A/2001/Add.1 (Part 2) (2001), commentaries to article 3 (p. 36-38).
• Further reading (optional): Crawford, Part I(3): The Relations of International Law and National Law.

Part II: PIL Institutions and Actors
6. The State
• Shaw, 142-178, 183-188.
• Convention on the Rights and Duties of States (Montevideo Convention) (1933), 165 L.N.T.S. 19, article 1.
• ICC, Office of the Prosecutor, Update on the Situation in Palestine, 3 April 2012.
• ICC Press Release. The Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court, Fatou Bensouda, opens a preliminary examination of the situation in Palestine, 16 Jan. 2015.
• Further reading (optional): Jurisdictional Immunities of the State (Ger. v. It.: Greece intervening), Judgment, 2012 I.C.J. 99, paras. 20-38, 62-63, 78-80, 91-94, 96-98, 101-104, 107-110, 119-121, 131-139.
• Further reading (optional): Thomas D. Grant, "Defining Statehood: The Montevideo Convention and its Discontents", 37 Colum. J. Transnat'l L. 403 (1999).
• Further reading (optional): Michael Shane French-Merrill, "The Role of the United Nations and Recognition in Sovereignty Determinations: How Australia Breached its International Obligations in Ratifying the Timor Gap Treaty", 8 Cardozo J. Int'l & Comp. L. 285 (2000).
• Further reading (optional): Crawford, Part II(5) – Creation and Incidence of Statehood; Part II(6) – Recognition of States and Governments.

7. State responsibility
• Shaw, 566-612.
• Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, A/56/83 (2001).
• Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Bosn. & Herz. v. Serb.), Merits, Judgment, 2007 I.C.J. 43. paras. 425-450.
• Further reading (optional): General Commentary on the ILC Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, 92, Report of the ILC on the work of its fifty-third session, A/CN.4/SER.A/2001/Add.1 (Part 2) (2001), commentaries to articles 4-11, 20-25.
• Further reading (optional): Davis B. Tyner, "Correcting the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia's Folly in Tadic", 18 Fla. J. Int'l L. 843 (2006).
• Further reading (optional): Crawford, Part IX(25) – The conditions for international responsibility; Crawford, Part IX(25) – Consequences of an Internationally Wrongful Act.

8. Immunities:
• Shaw, p. 506-565.
• United Nations Convention on Jurisdiction Immunities of States and their Property, 2004, UN Doc. Doc. A/59/508.
• Jurisdictional Immunities of the State (Ger. v. It.: Greece intervening), Judgment, 2012 I.C.J. 99, paras. 92-97.
• PLA 7092/94, Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada v. Sheldon G. Edelson, tak-Supreme 97(2) (Supreme Court of Israel), paras. 1, 5-12, 15-16, 21-35.
• Further reading (optional): Elena Sciso, "Foreign State Immunity at Home and Abroad: Italian Judges' Point of View on Foreign States' Immunity", 44 Vand. J. Transnat'l L. 1201 (2011).
• Further reading (optional): David P. Stewart, "The Immunity of State Officials under the UN Convention on Jurisdictional Immunities of States and Their Property", 44 Vand. J. Transnat'l L. 1047 (2011).

9. International Organisations
• Shaw, p. 875-931.
• Charter of the United Nations, 1 U.N.T.S. XVI (1945), articles 1-2, 4, 7, 10-12, 18, 23-25, 33, 39-51, 57, 61-63.
• Further reading (optional): Guy Harpaz, "Normative Power Europe and The Problem of a Legitimacy Deficit: An Israeli Perspective", 12 European Foreign Affairs Review 89 (2007).
• Further reading (optional): Bruno Simma, “From Bilateralism to Community Interest in International Law”, in Collected Courses of the Academy of International Law, Vol. 250, 1994.
• Further reading (optional): Guy Harpaz, "Judicial Review by the European Court of Justice of UN "Smart Sanctions" against Terror in the Kadi Dispute", 14 EFAR 65 (2009).
• Further reading (optional): Giuseppe Mancini, "The Making of a Constitution for Europe", 26 Common Market Law Review 595 (1989).
• Further reading (optional): Amitai Etzioni, "The Community Deficit",45.1 Journal of Common Market Studies 23 (2007).
• Further reading (optional): Helen Sjursen, "Why Expand?: The Question of Legitimacy and justification in the EU’s Enlargement Policy", 40.3 Journal of Common market Studies 491 (2002).

10. The Pacific Settlement of Disputes
• Shaw, 732-765.
• Charter of the United Nations, 1 U.N.T.S. XVI (1945), articles 1-2, 25, 33, 39-51.
• Obligations concerning Negotiations relating to Cessation of the Nuclear Arms Race and to Nuclear Disarmament (Marsh. Is. v. Pak.), I.C.J., Judgment of 5 October 2016, paras.25-40.
• Further reading (optional): Statute of the International Court of Justice, June 26, 1945, 1 U.N.T.S. 993, articles 34-38, 40, 59-62, 65.
• Further reading (optional): United Nations, Handbook on the Peaceful Settlement of Disputes Between States (New York, 1992).

Part III: Main PIL Regimes
11. Acquisition of Territory under International Law
• Shaw, 352-400.
• Declaration on Principles of International Law Concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation Among States, U.N. Doc. A/5217 (1970).
• Further reading (optional): Timothy W Waters, "The Blessing of Departure: Acceptable and Unacceptable State Support for Demographic Transformation: The Lieberman Plan to Exchange Populated Territories in Cisjordan", 2.1 Law and Ethics of Human Rights 1 (2008).
• Further reading (optional): Yuval Shany, "Redrawing Maps, Manipulating Demographics: On Exchange of Populated Territories and Self-Determination", 2.1 Law and Ethics of Human Rights 286 (2008).
• Further reading (optional): Catriona Drew, "The East Timor Story: International Law on Trial", 12 European Journal of International Law 651 (2001).
• Further reading (optional): Declaration of the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, U.N. Doc. A/4684 (1960).
• Further reading (optional): Western Sahara, Advisory Opinion, (1975) I.C.J. 12, paras. 48-65, 70-72.
• Further reading (optional): Legal Status of Eastern Greenland (Den. v. Nor.), 1933 P.C.I.J. (ser. A/B) No. 43 (Apr. 5).

12. The Prohibition Against the Use of Force
• Shaw, 811-846.
• Dinstein Y., War, Aggression and Self-Defence (5th ed., 2011), chapter 3.
• Charter of the United Nations, 1 U.N.T.S. XVI (1945), articles 2, 33-51.
• General Assembly Resolution 3314 of 14 December 1974.
• Oil Platforms (Iran v. U.S.), Judgment, 2003 I.C.J. 161, paras. 73-77.
• Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, Advisory Opinion of 9 July 2004, 43 ILM 1009, paras.138-142.
• Report of the High-Level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change, A More Secure World: Our Shared Responsibility (A/59/565, 2 December 2004), paras. 199-209.
• Further reading (optional): Security Council Resolution 1701 of 11 August 2006.
• Further reading (optional): Security Council Resolution 1860 of 20 March 2008.
• Further reading (optional): Security Council Resolution 1973 of 17 March 2011.
• Further reading (optional): Leila Nadya Sadat, "Presidential Powers and Foreign Affairs: Rendition and Targeted Killings of Americans: America's Drone Wars", 45 Case W. Res. J. Int'l L. 197 (2012).
• Further reading (optional): Matthew C. Cooper, "A Note to States Defending Humanitarian Intervention: Examining Viable Arguments before the International Court of Justice", 40 Denv. J. Int'l L. & Pol'y 167 (2012).
• Further reading (optional): Michael N. Schmitt, "The Law of Cyber Warfare: Quo Vadis?", 25 Stan. L. & Pol'y Rev 269 (2014).
• Further reading (optional): Thomas M. Franck, Recourse to Force: State Action against Threats and Armed Attacks (2002) Ch. 10.

13. International Humanitarian Law
• Shaw, 847-875.
• Convention (IV) respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land and its annex: Regulations concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land, 187 Consol. T.S. 227 (Hague 1907), para.8 to the preamble, articles 2-25, 43.
• Convention (III) relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949, 75 U.N.T.S. 135, articles 1-7, 13, 17, 24, 118, 129, 130.
• Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), Geneva, 8 June 1977, 1125 U.N.T.S. 3, articles 1, 20, 35-37, 43, 44, 48-55, 57-58, 65, 83, 85.
• Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons, Advisory Opinion, (1996) I.C.J. Rep 226, paras. 74-87.
• Further reading (optional): Final Report to the Prosecutor by the Committee Established to Review the NATO Bombing Campaign against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, 39 I.L.M.1257 (2000).
• Further reading (optional): David Kretzmer, "Exploring the Need for Additional Norms to Govern Contemporary Conflict Situation: Rethinking the Application of IHL in Non-International Armed Conflicts", 42 Isr. L. Rev. 8 (2009).
• Further reading (optional): Cordula Droege, “The Interplay between International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law in Situations of Armed Conflict”, 40 Isr. L. Rev. 2 (2007).
• Further reading (optional): T. Meron, "The Humanization of Humanitarian Law", 94 AJIL 239 (2000).
• Further reading (optional): J. Henckaerts & L. Doswald-Beck, Customary International Humanitarian Law (2006), introduction.

14. The Laws of Occupation
• Yoram Dinstein, The International Law of Belligerent Occupation (2009), p. 31-67.
• Guy Harpaz and Yuval Shany, "The Israel Supreme Court and the Incremental Expansion of the Scope of Discretion under Belligerent Occupation Law", 43.3 Isr. L. Rev. 514 (2010).
• Yuval Shany, "Faraway, So Close: The Legal Status of Gaza after Israel's Disengagement", 8 Yearbook Int'l Human. L. 369 (2005).
• Convention (IV) respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land and its annex: Regulations concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land, 187 Consol. T.S. 227 (Hague 1907), articles 42-43, 53-55.
• Convention (IV) relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949, 75 U.N.T.S. 287, articles 5, 8, 27, 31, 33, 34, 49, 146, 147.
• Further reading (optional): Yuval Shany, "Binary Law Meets Complex Reality: The Occupation of Gaza Debate", 41 Isr. L. Rev. 68 (2008).
• Further reading (optional): Yuval Shany, "Capacities and Inadequacies: A Look at the Two Separation Barrier Cases", 38 Isr. L. Rev. 230 (2005).
• Further reading (optional): Yuval Shany, "Head Against the Wall? Israel's Rejection of the Advisory Opinion on the Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territories", 17 Yearbook Int'l Human. L. 352 (2004).
• Further reading (optional): David Kretzmer, The Occupation of Justice: The Supreme Court of Israel and the Occupied Territories (2002), Ch. 2.
• Further reading (optional): Eyal Benvenisti, The International Law of Occupation (1993), Ch. 2-3.

15. International Human Rights Law
• Shaw, 194-248.
• Universal Declaration of Human Rights, G.A. Res. 217(III), 71 UN GAOR Supp. (No.13), UN Doc. A/810 (1948), preamble and articles 3-11.
• International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 999 U.N.T.S. 171 (1966), articles 1-2, 4, 6, 7, 9, 14, 19.
• International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, 993 U.N.T.S. 3 (1966), articles 1-2, 5.
• Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, G.A. Res. 39/46, U.N. Doc. A/39/51 (1984), articles 1-5, 16.
• Human Rights Committee, General Comment 29, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.1 (2001).
• Further reading (optional): Al-Skeini v. United Kingdom, App. No. 55721/07 Eur. Ct. H.R., 50 ILM 995 (2011).
• Further reading (optional): Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum Co., Supreme Court of the United States No. 10-1491 (2013).
• Further reading (optional): Samantha Miko, "Al-Skeini v. United Kingdom and Extraterritorial Jurisdiction under the European Convention for Human Rights", 35 B.C. INT'L & COMP. L. REV. 63 (2013).
• Further reading (optional): David Kennedy, "The International Human Rights Movement: Part of the Problem?", 15 Harv. Hum. Rts. J. 101 (2002).
• Further reading (optional): Nigel S. Rodley, "The Prohibition of Torture: Absolute Means Absolute", 34 Denv. J. Int'l L. & Pol'y 145 (2006)

16. International Criminal Law
• Shaw, 285-321.
• Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, July 17, 1998, U.N. Doc. A/CONF.183/9, articles 1, 5-8, 11-21.
• Arrest Warrant of 11 April 2000 (Dem. Rep. Congo v. Belg.), ICJ Judgment of 14 Feb. 2002, Joint Separate Opinions of Higgins, Kooijmans and Buergenthal, paras. 40-65.
• Further reading (optional): Attorney-General v. Eichmann, 36 ILR 5, 298 (S.C. 1961)(Isr.).
• Further reading (optional): P. Clarke, "Hybridity, Holism and "Traditional" Justice: The Case of the Gacaca Courts in Post-Genocide Rwanda", 39 George Washington International Law Review 765 (2007).
• Further reading (optional): Kieran McEvoy, "Beyond Legalism: Towards a Thicker Understanding of Transitional Justice", 34 Journal of Law and Society 411 (2007).
• Further reading (optional): Douglas Sheehan, "The Backdoor to the ICC: Jurisdiction Over Dual Nationals and the Shadow of the Court", 17 New Eng. J. Int'l & Comp. L. 347 (2011).
• Further reading (optional): Lucy Martinez, "Prosecuting Terrorists at the International Criminal Court: Possibilities and Problems", 34 Rutgers L. J. 1 (2002).
• Further reading (optional): Robert Cryer, Hakan Friman, Darryl Robinson & Elizabeth Wilmshurst, An introduction to International Criminal Law and Procedure (2007), part 1.

17. International Economic Law
• Michael Trebilcock & Robert Howse, The Regulation of International Trade (4th ed., 2013), p. 1-54.
• David Palmeter and Petros C. Mavroidis, “The WTO Legal System: Sources of Law”, 92.3 American Journal of International Law 398 (1998).
• General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), Articles I, III, VI, XI, XX, XXI.
• Further reading (optional): Joost Pauwelyn “The Role of Public International Law in the WTO: How Far Can We Go?”, 95 American Journal of International Law 535 (2001).
• Further reading (optional): Joseph Weiler, “The Rule of Lawyers and the Ethos of Diplomats: Reflections on the Internal and External Legitimacy of WTO Dispute Settlement”, 35.2 Journal of World Trade 191 (2001).
• Further reading (optional): Simon Lester, "The Role of the International Trade Regime in Global Governance", 16 UCLA J. Int'l L. & For. Aff. 209 (2011).

18. International Environmental Law
• Shaw, 613-653.
• Bodansky, Daniel. "Chapter 1: What is International Environmental Law?" The Art and Craft of International Environmental Law. Harvard University press 2010: 1-17.
• Further reading (optional): Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, adopted June 16, 1972, U.N. Doc. A/CONF.48/14, reprinted in 11 I.L.M. 1416 (1972).
• Further reading (optional): Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, adopted June 14, 1992, U.N. Doc. A/CONF.151/5/Rev. 1 (1992).
• Further reading (optional): Neil Craik, "Recalcitrant Reality and Chosen Ideals: The Public Function of Dispute Settlement in International Environmental Law", 10 Geo. Int'l Envtl. L. Rev. 551 (1998).
• Surya P. Subedi, "Balancing International Trade with Environmental Protection". 25 Brooklyn Journal of International Law 373 (1999).

Part IV: A deeper look into Israel and PIL
19. Status of International Law under Israeli Law
20. Israel: Recognized borders and territorial disputes
• Yuval Shany, "Legal Entitlements, Changing Circumstances and Inter-temporality" (the article was uploaded to the website of the course).
21. Israel’s Asymmetric Armed Conflicts
22. Israel’s immigration law and policy
HCJ 7146/12 Adam v Knesset, Judgment of 16 Sept. 2013, paras. 66-69, 91-93, 106-115 (per Arbel J).
23. Israel and International Criminal Law
24. Israel’s Relations with Trade Blocks

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